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| Cercetare->Publicatii->Rezumate | |
1 st SESSION
RESEARCHES IN THE FIELD OF PLANT PRODUCTION: CEREALS, LEGUMES AND TECHNICAL PLANTS
CORRECTION OF FERTILIZATION AND STAND DENSITY DEPENDING ON WINTER PRECIPITATION AND MINERAL NITROGEN SOIL CONTENT
B. MARINKOVIĆ, J. CRNOBARAC Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract . At optimal mineral nutrition and plant number, climate and edaphic factors significantly affect the height of yield in a genotype. A long-term trial was established to study the effect of crop density and the distribution of mineral nitrogen (N) down the soil profile on yields of maize. According to the amount, pre-growing season precipitation was divided as follows: low (up to 191 l/m 2), mean (192-291 l/m 2) and high (over 292 l/m 2). Data related to weather conditions and yields were processed by multiple 'Stepwise’ linear regression using adapted determination coefficients (R-Assisted). The effect of significant factors on yields was analyzed using path-coefficients. Data concerning mineral N and yields were processed using the same analysis as well as multiple polynomial regressions. The height of yield has been shown to be significantly affected by winter precipitation (in June, July and August), the distribution of N down the profile, and crop density. The percentage contribution of these parameters to the total variability was 92.6 and 93.7. Winter precipitation and the distribution of N should therefore be used for determining optimal density and N fertilization.
BIOMASS GROWING DYNAMIC OF BASKET WILLOWS (SALIX VIMINALIS L.) CULTIVATED FOR ENERGY PURPOSES Pavol Otepka, Miroslav Habán Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic Abstract . Plant biomass is one of the energy resources, which contains much of the advantages of renewable energy resources that are possible to saturate mankind energy requirements nowadays. The aim of the research paper is to evaluate the biomass accumulation potential of fast growing basket willow (Salix viminalis L.) cultivated for energy purposes on human planted plantation. The experiment was realized in the four-year period (2000 – 2003) of the agri-ecological conditions analysis for growing of different basket willow varieties at the Experimental Base of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra (Slovak Republic). The influence of these factors on dry matter yields of basket willow was reviewing: variety (ORM, RAPP, and ULV), stand organization (arrangement A – double rows = 0.5 m x 0.75 m or 1.25 m; arrangement B = 0.5 m x 0.75 m) and growing season (2000 – 2003). There can be determined an order between different basket willow varieties for cultivation in the warm south Slovakia conditions: 1. ULV: 54.1 t.ha -1; e.g. average of dry matter yield accumulated after four-year cultivation cycle; 2. ORM: 44.0 t.ha -1; 3. RAPP: 25.4 t.ha -1. From the stand organization point of view better results were achieved in the arrangement B (43.8 t.ha -1) than in arrangement A (38.5 t.ha -1). These are results from second four-year cycle of basket willow cultivation (plantation was planted in 1996). There is possibility for biomass harvests and their evaluation in few more four-years cycles from the stand status and plant health point of view.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL TILLAGE ON SOIL MOISTURE PARAMETERS UNDER CROPPING OF COMMON PEAS Jozef SMATANA, Milan MACÁK, Eva DEMJANOVÁ Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
Abstract . The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of reduce and conventional tillage systems on soil moisture dynamics by growing of common pea after spring barley. The field trial was carried out on Ortic Luvisol on silt loess at south west of Slovakia during, 1995-1997. The experimental sites belongs to warm and moderate arid climatic region with long term average precipitation 580 mm and 9.6 ˚C temperature and 173 m altitude. The common pea was growing in following crop rotation: winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) – maize (Zea mays L.) – spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) – common pea (Pisum sativum L.). The mouldboard ploughing to the depth 0.2 m with surface cultivation of topsoil with comparison to shallow loosening to the depth 0.1 m and its influence on soil moisture dynamics in six layers has been evaluated. Samples were taken five times per year with tree replication in six layers (each 0.1m thick). The seasonal and spatial dynamics with influence of different soil tillage in some layers has been noted. The better moisture balance was reach in conventional tillage treatment with comparison to reduce one. The significant high moisture content was found out in deeper layer 0.5-0.6 m with comparison to topsoil layer. Seasonal dynamics with influence of weather and growing crops have been ascertained. According three years field trials we confirm no significant differences of soil moisture between conventional tillage and reduced tillage treatments in average. Total average of moisture content under reduced tillage revealed the less infiltration rate with comparison to conventional mouldboard ploughing. The highest variability of soil moisture was induced by date of sampling and soil layer.
QUANTITATIVE-QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS OF MILK THISTLE (SILYBUM MARIANUM / L. / P. GAERTN.) YIELD CULTIVATED IN WARM AGRICLIMATIC MACROREGION
Miroslav Habán, Pavol Otepka Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic
Abstract . Polyfactorial field experiment was established and investigated during the vegetation periods of 2004 and 2005 at the Dolna Malanta locality (Nitra district, Slovak Republic). This locality is geomorphologically situated in western part of Zitava upland as an independent part of river Danube lowland. From the agriclimatic conditions point of view, this locality belongs to the warm agriclimatic region, dry agriclimatic microregion, and mostly mild winter zone. In the year 2004 yields of milk thistle (Silybum marianum / L. / P. Gaertn.) achenes, e.g. fruits, ranged from 232.9 kg.ha -1 (RMF variant: – incorporated crop residues with intercrop and artificial fertilizers) to 794.5 kg.ha -1 (KBF variant: – without crop residues and intercrop, artificial fertilizers have been used) at the standard humidity (14%). In the year 2005 the yields varied from 554.0 kg.ha -1 (RMO variant: – incorporated crop residues with intercrop, no artificial fertilizers) to 1 480.0 kg.ha -1 (RBO variant – incorporated crop residues without intercrop and artificial fertilizers). From the two-year results of the experiment it is recommended to continue in research of quantitative-qualitative parameters of milk thistle production within different management of cultivation.
THE YIELD OF MAIZE HYBRIDS GROWN ON THE PHOTODEGRADABLE FOLIUM Predrag JOVIN*, Zivota JOVANOVIĆ*, Ivica ĐALOVIĆ**, Miodrag TOLIMIR* *Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Serbia and Montenegro **Faculty of Agronomy, Cacak, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract .In this paper present study was to determine the differences in yields of medium late maturity maize hybrids grown with and without the folium under the equal agroecological conditions.Maize hybrid plants grown with the photodegradable folium were taller by 13.3 cm than the plants of the same hybrids grown without the photodegradable folium. Grain yield of hybrid plants grown with the photodegradable folium was higher on the average for all three years by 8.09% than the yield of hybrid plants grown without the photodegradable folium. Only in a favourable year 2001 with a sufficient amount of precipitation during the growing season there were no differences in yields obtained in hybrid plants grown with and without the photodegradable folium. Due to relatively high costs of the folium and its setting the economic justification in the application of the folium could be found in the production of higher categories of maize seed.
RESEARCH CONCERNING THE “PERMANENT VEGETAL COVER” TECHNOLOGICAL VARIANT IN MAIZE
Paul Pîrşan, Florin Imbrea, Adrian GĂVRUŢĂ, Lucian BOTOŞ Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România Abstract . We organised during the experimental cycle 2003-2005 on the cambic chernozem in Timişoara an experiment in which maize was cultivated in the “permanent vegetal cover” technological variant using as intermediary plants facelia and mustard compared to the classical technological variant. Results obtained show that there are no yield significant differences between the two technological variants. In both culture systems row weed control resulted in significant yield increases
POSSIBILITIES OF VALORISING STERILE FROM BANATITE MINING EXPLOITATIONS IN SOUTHERN BANAT
Ioan BORCEAN, Gheorghe DAVID, Adrian BORCEAN, Florin IMBREA, Simona NIŢĂ, Sorin VERDEŢ, Lucian BOTOŞ Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România Abstract .During the last two decades they have carried out research aiming at answering the question whether banatite sterile material can be valorised as a source of oligo-elements and macro-elements for agricultural crops. Mining sterile is not radio-active, and its heavy metal content is below European admitted limits. Research was carried out on wheat, maize, and beans, on a brown eumesobasic soil (eutricambosoil).
RESEARCH CONCERNING THE BEHAVIOUR OF A SWEET MAIZE HYBRID ASSORTMENT DEPENDING ON FERTILISATION AND SOWING DENSITY IN THE SOIL AND CLIMATE CONDITIONS OF THE E.D.S. IN TIMIŞOARA (COUNTY OF TIMIŞ) Gheorghe DAVID, Florin IMBREA, Simona NIŢĂ Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . The authors present in this paper a synthesis of results of the experimental cycle 2000-2005, a period characterised by very different climate conditions and that points out the good behaviour of all experimental hybrids. Experimental results point out the favourable reaction of the hybrids to mineral fertilisation, average yield reaching over 10,000 kg/ha of ears harvested at the “milk-wax” maturity period. Optimal sowing density for this crop as shown by experimental data is 65,000 plants/ha.
A study on the influence of sowing elements on the main yield in oil rape
Georgeta POP, Valeriu TABĂRĂ, Lucian BOTOŞ Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . Oily rape is a technical crop of great importance not only for food industry but also for a series of domains – chemical industry and particularly bio-fuel industry. Expansion trends of this crop in our country as a result of oily rape demand is stopped because of below expectation results – sometimes crops are totally compromised. The project aims at solving this problem by finding the causes that engender the poor results – finding an assortment. A STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME BARLEY AND TWO-ROW BARLEY CULTIVARS UPON DIFFERENTIATE FERTILISING IN THE GLEYED LUVOSOIL AREA IN THE ALMĂJULUI DEPRESSION
Simona NIŢĂ, I. BORCEAN Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract .Research aimed at monitoring the impact of variable doses of nitrogen applied on two phosphorus and potassium funds on yield and on its quality in the Precoce barley cultivar and on the Daciana and Laura two-row barley cultivars. As biological material was winter cultivars (Precoce and Laura) and spring cultivars (Daciana), we have also monitored the impact of sowing distance correlated with other factors. The highest yields (over 4,600 kg/ha) were in the Precoce barley cultivar fertilised with N 60P 80K 80 and sowed with 500-600 g.g./m 2. Among two-row barley cultivars, to note the Daciana cultivar with over 4,200 kg/ha fertilized with N 60P 80K 80 and sowed with 600 g.g./m 2.
ON THE IMPACT OF AMENDMENTS AND OF FERTILISING ON YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT IN BEANS Florin IMBREA, Ioan BORCEAN Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . Research was carried out in the hill area of the Banat on a brown eumesobasic type of soil (eutricambosoil) with a weak acid reaction (pH = 5.78), medium supplied with humus, weakly supplied with nitrogen, and very well supplied with phosphorus and potassium. By applying amendments at the level of 75% Ah, we got an increase in yield of 17%. Phosphorus and potassium fertilisers applied in doses of P 40K 40 resulted in an increase in yield of over 450 kg/ha, and nitrogen fertilisers (N 30-N 90) led to increases of 15-43%.
STUDIES CONCERNING SOME LOCAL AND FOREIGN WHEAT VARIETIES BEHAVIOUR UNDER FERTILIZATION INFLUENCE PLACED IN S.D.E. TIMIŞOARA’S ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS Ladislau WAGNER, Valeriu TABĂRĂ Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România Abstract . This experience has bun cored on for establishing the fertilization optimal dose in winter wheat cultivation technology and production capacity of the studied varieties. From this experience resulted that after NPK fertilization, the most productive varieties are: Alex, Baika and Romulus. The Renesansa variety must be areated in cultivation because of its low cold resistance. We used four fertilization dose for the agro-funds, and we had the conclusion that the nitrogen optimal fertilization dose is 120kg/ha a.s.
ON THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILISING ON YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT IN BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) Lucian BOTOŞ, Ioan BORCEAN Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara,România Abstract . Results obtained on the luvosoil in the Caraş River Basin point out the good behaviour of the Montana cultivar in which, due to fertilising with N 90P 60K 60 yield was over 3,000 kg/ha. Content in protein depending on cultivar and nitrogen dose varied between 23.2% and 27.0%, and protein yield varied between 393 and 801 kg/ha.
RESEARCH REGARDING THE DENSITY INFLUENCE ON TOBACCO LEAF PRODUCTION Marcel M. DUDA, Dan I. VÂRBAN, Sorin MUNTEAN Agricultural and Veterinary University of Cluj Napoca, România Abstract . In this paper the there are presented the results regarding the research between the density of plants and the leaf production/ha and the determination of the optimal density. RESEARCH CONCERNING THE TOBACCO FERTILIZATION IN THE SOIL AND CLIMATE CONDITIONS IN CLUJ-NAPOCA Marcel M. DUDA, Dan I. VÂRBAN, Rareş COTÂRLĂ Agricultural and Veterinary University of Cluj Napoca, România Abstract . The research presented in this paper has as a prime objective the determination of the fertilization effect with nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and magnesium over the production and characteristics of mass specific to the tobacco leaves. It had been observed that in the biggest production you might obtain if u apply big doses, but balanced doses of NPK, and the bigger density of the leaves are present to the ones where the magnesium supplement had been applied
RESEARCH CONCERNING THE CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF ANGELICA ARHANGELICA L. SPECIES: BREEDING WITH THE HELP OF SEEDLINGS Dan Ioan VÂRBAN, Marcel Matei DUDA, Rodica VÂRBAN, Simona OROS Agricultural and Veterinary University, Cluj Napoca, România Abstract .The highest root production was obtained at the plating variant of 50x20 cm. The best germinative capacity was registered right after seeds harvest from main flowerings and also the secondary ones and not at least from blended seeds. The highest volatile oil content was registered at planting variant of 50x20 cm (0.96 ml/100g). 2 nd SESSION MEADOWS AND FORAGE PLANTS: PRESENT AND PERSPECTIVES Study of THE interdependence among site conditions, dry matter content, and quality and diversity elements of some woodeD grasslands IN THE Caransebeş area Alexandru Moisuc*, Valeriu Voina**, Ionel Samfira*, Dragan DJUKIČ***, Veronica Sărăţeanu* *Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România **Forestry Office, Reşiţa, România ***Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro Abstract .In these conditions is known that with altitude increase the yield and quality of vegetation carpet is decreasing (about a tone of fresh fodder mass per hectare after 1200 m altitude), but in the same time is increasing the species number of vegetation carpet. They can appreciate for wooded grasslands placed at low altitude levels (100-500m) that altitude increase determinates yield, biodiversity, and quality increase of this kind of grassland. The explanation of this phenomenon is tide by the irrationally, free and extensive use of these grassland, altitude increase is associated with the decrease of grazing pressure, these grassland surfaces being exploited incontinuously, and also because the rainfalls quantity available for this ecosystem is increasing with the altitude.
Aspects concerning the differences among some fodder beet genotypes FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF some fodder features Alexandru Moisuc, Luminiţa Cojocariu, Ionel Samfira, Marinel Horablaga Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România Abstract .Fodder beet is a plant species with great production capacity. Roots yield is influenced very much by the main root’s features as weight, length, and maxim diameter. In this work we have presenting the signification of the differences among all differences concerning root length, weight, and maxim diameter studied with t test.
THE BACTERIAL INOCULATION OF WHITE CLOVER FROM GRASS AND LEGUMES MIXTURES Neculai DRAGOMIR*, Ioan PEŢ*, Corina CRISTEA**, Mircea SELEGEAN***, Carmen DRAGOMIR*, Sorin GAŞPAR*, Dorin RECHIŢEAN**, Laura MIHĂESCU*, Cristian TURTĂ* * Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România **Grassland Research Station, Timişoara, România ***University of the West, Timişoara, România Abstract . This paper surveys the main effect that the inoculation of white clover seeds with Rhyzobium trifolii strains has against dry matter yield, when we have a mixture made by the following proportions: 40 per cent Trifolium repens and 60 per cent Dactylis glomerata. The bacterial inoculation of white clover from this mixture has increased dry matter yield towards the non-inoculated with clover seeds, with 12.3 % in the first year, 22.3 % in the second year and 14.3 % in the third. In inoculated seeds, under the conditions of nitrogen fertilization, it has been recorded an increasing of white clover proportion in floristic composition of the grassland. In the inoculated mixture the energetic ratio (incomes: outcomes) is 1:47.
StUDY CONCERNING THE FLORISTIC AND ENTOMOLOGIC BIODIVERSITY IN Some GRASSLAND IN THE Haţeg Depression Ionel Samfira, Alexandru Moisuc, Ioan Palagesiu, Ana Maria Badea Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . Our scientific study is carried on the permanent pasture from the Haţeg Depression, continuing Bistra valley, at an altitude among 509-700 m, in order to continue the ecological pastures management in the area. Researches concerning pastoral value and grazing capacity of meadow fescue grassland from Surduc’s Hills
Carmen DURĂU, Alexandru MOISUC Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . This work presents a study on the pastoral value and grazing capacity dynamics of grassland dominated by Festuca pratensis. Vegetation inventory is realized during three years. Even the pastoral value and grazing capacity decrease from a year to another, this grassland is framing in the category of good pastures from economic and forage point of view.
Study of some aspects of Juncus effuses L. invasion in western Romania grasslands Veronica Sărăţeanu, Alexandru Moisuc Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România Abstract .Plant invasion is difficult to be understood and control, if the processes and factors that intervene in it are known insufficiently. Finding the dominant elements that determine an invasion to succeed at any scale, and the efforts concerning their control, those must to help to the increasing of the efficiency in the control of this phenomenon.
Study of some aspects of Euphorbia cyparissias L. invasion in Banat’s grasslands Veronica Sărăţeanu, Alexandru Moisuc Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România Abstract . Observations were realized during 2003-2005 period in 4 permanent grasslands from Banat region. These grasslands are placed in areas with different environmental conditions. Researches concerning Euphorbia cyparissias L. were realised in next localities: Beba Veche, Cenei, Gelu (Timiş County), and Bucoşniţa (Caraş-Severin County).
CHARACTERISATION OF GRASSLANDS RESULTED FROM ABANDONED ARABLE LAND IN GRĂDINARI (CARAŞ-SEVERIN COUNTY) George Doru Laieş*, Alexandru Moisuc** *Bardeau Holding, Timişoara, România **Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România Abstract .In the establishment of grasslands fertilization system is necessary take in account the botanical composition, the physical and chemical features of the soil covered with grass, concurrent species needs, temperature and humidity conditions from summer time, forage use and economic conditions in that area.
The SYNERGISM BETWEEN THE glomus INTRARADICES FUNGUS AND RHYZOBIUM GENUS BACTERIA IN LEGUME FODDER PLANTS Mircea SELEGEAN***, Neculai DRAGOMIR*, Corina CRISTEA**, Ioan PEŢ*, Carmen DRAGOMIR*, Sorin GAŞPAR*, Laura MIHĂESCU*, Dorin RECHIŢEAN**, Cristian TURTĂ* * Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România **Grassland Research Station, Timişoara, România ***University of the West, Timişoara, România
Abstract . The article presents a study of the relations and interactions between the Glomus intraradices symbionts and the Rhyzobium sp. bacteria drawn from some species of fodder grass plants (Lotus corniculatus L., Trifolium repens L., and Medicago sativa) under the conditions of an argillic brown soil within the Grassland Research Station, Timisoara, Romania. The purpose of our activity was to detect the best variants of combinations of synergism between symbionts regarding the increase of atmospheric azoth use and obtaining in the future possible biopreparates with these symbionts. Starting from on in vitro model, the symbionts have been aseptically isolated from plants and inoculated in the modified Gamborg culture medium (B 5), without any source of organic nitrogen. The experimental data have shown the existence of some relations of synergism and antagonism between symbionts. Thus, we remarked a close specificity regarding the synergic correlation between Glomus intraradices fungi and Rhyzobium bacteria taken from the same host plant, the correlation coefficients being positive (Glomus GL-Lc 10+ R. loti, r=0.94; GL-Ms 2+ R. meliloti, r=0.98 and Glomus GL-Tr 4+ R. trifolii, r=0.98). In the situations of combinations between symbionts obtained from different plants, we noticed an antagonic relation, slow development rhythm, the correlation coefficients being negative (Glomus GL-Lc 10+ R.loti, r=-0.94; Glomus GL-Lc 10 + R. trifolii, r=-0.75; Glomus GL-Ms 2 + R.loti, r=-0.92; Glomus Gl-Ms 2 + R. trifolii, r=-0.94; Glomus GL-Tr 4 + R.loti, r=-0.83; Glomus GL-Tr 4 = R. meliloti, r=-0.94).
Research regarding Recaş place fodder meadows value Elisabeta KOCIS, Marinel HORABLAGA, Iasmina Cecilia SAVESCU Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România Abstract . The meadow being one of the main terra's ecosystems it is obvious that it may have an economical and ecological importance. The meadows, the permanent and also the cultivated ones provide a best part from volume fodder required in animal’s food. NEW EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS CONCERNING TEMPORARY PASTURES ON POWER STATION ASHES IN CENTRAL OLTENIA (ROMANIA) C. COTIGĂ Agricultural and Veterinary University, Craiova, România Abstract . Temporary pastures are considered one of the main solutions from the ash layers. There purpose is to prevent the pollution given by sweeping as well as to take part in a major way at the ecological restoration of the affected surfaces
STUDIES AND RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILISING OF TEMPORARY PASTURES ON POWER STATION ASHES C. COTIGĂ Agricultural and Veterinary University, Craiova, România Abstract .The research done on the ash layers in central Oltenia stood out the fact that temporary pastures can be set in order to prevent sweeping. 3 rd SESSION
ECOLOGICAL RESTAURATION AND MANAGEMENT OF RURAL ENVIRONMENT
NEW TECHNICAL SOLUTION TO IMPROVE WILDLIFE HABITAT ON SANDY SOIL
Erika BODNÁR University of Szeged, College of Agriculture, Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
Abstract . To broaden the choice of hunting facilities several wild-boar parks have been established on territories where not all ecological conditions are given to keep and maintain the species. We carried out the examinations on the Ásotthalom area where the sandy soil and the lack of surface-water resulted in problems in the water supply of wild boars. The adequately sized wallow was lined with plastic film then the pool got a natural-like cover. We obtained water from a well using a solar-cell pump. We have been observing the wallow for three years and now it is proved that this artificial object resists the impacts caused by weather or the animals. When constructing this artificial wallow we endeavoured to prepare it so that it could fit in the landscape and be natural-like.
ECONOMIC EXAMINATION OF BIOGAS GAINED FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE Tamás MOLNÁR*, László SALLAI**, Dezső FODOR*** *University of Szeged, College of Agriculture, Szeged, Hungary **ASA. Ltd. Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary Abstract . The refuse dump of Hódmezővásárhely will provide up-to-date storage and neutralisation for the refuse of the town for 50 years. The storage of the refuse takes place in waste dump by adequate compression. During the storage gases, mainly methane and carbon dioxide are developed due to the biological decomposition. We must prevent these gases to get into the atmosphere as they are involved in the global warming of the Earth and so they may cause changes in the environment. With the regulations getting stricter in the EU where we are going to be members soon it is essential that a refuse dump should have a biogas deflector system in order to protect our environment. A compressor drains gases from the waste material, while another compressor is used for taking the gases to the place where they are used. From utilisation point of view a considerable quantity is developed, which can be diversely utilised. Estimated potential of energy production from biogas produced in the base on agricultural and food-industrial biomass in the pilot farm of SZTE MFK
László Sallai, Tamás Molnár, Dezső Fodor SZTE MFK, Engineering Department, Hungary
A bstract . The importance of waste treatment is increasing. Environmental aims are the main driving force. Stricter regulations for landfilling to lead to the development of alternative treatment methods for waste, for the agri-mechanical research, animal rearing’s and food-industry’s waste material, the secondary-tertiary biomass, is a highest concern. This technology is versatile and relatively simple to use as a reliable and effective means of producing a gaseous fuel from various organic waste. The most common application has been the digestion of animal dung, agricultural, and food-industrial waste. This was studied by our department in our pilot farm of our Faculty. The 50 dairycow, family sized modelfarm was built in the summer of 1991 as a result of Holland – Hungarian cooperation at the territory of the Faculty. The new pigfarm with 30 sows and the new goatfarm with 100 nannies was given to the Faculty at 25th of April in 2001 was given on the 25th of April of 2001. Trough the livestock data the annual dung production were specified and from the literature calculated the energy by the biogas production coefficient .
Sustainable agricultural systems: production and qualitative parameters Magdaléna Lacko-Bartošová Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
Abstract .The aim of research work was to design, evaluate and improve the results from two approaches to sustainable farming systems – ecological and integrated. Farming systems were established in the fall of 1990 on brown clay – loamy soil. The altitude of experimental fields is 78 m, average year temperature 9.6 °C and annual precipitation 523 mm. For the evaluation of farming systems agronomic and qualitative parameters were used. Farming system influenced significantly the yields of winter wheat, common pea and maize for silage. Lower yields in ecological system were significant for winter wheat (18.3%) and common pea (8.1%) and higher for maize for silage (19.6%) as compared with integrated system. Effect of fertilizers and FYM was significant for yield of spring barley, maize for silage and Lucerne. Further, the qualitative parameters of winter wheat are evaluated.
The influence of crop and management of crop residues on basal soil biological properties Milan Macák, Jozef Smatana, Andrea Golisová, Eva Demjanová Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Slovak Republic Abstract . The aim of this study was to evaluate the crop management practices on biological activity of the soil, soil organic matter and total content of nitrogen in topsoil layer. The field trials were conduced at the Experimental station of Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, during 2001-2003. The experimental site belongs to warm and moderate arid climatic region in the south-west of Slovakia. The average precipitation is 561 mm, for the growing season 327 mm. Average air temperature is 9.7 oC. The main soil type is Orthic Luvisol with good supply of accessible N, P and K and pH 5.7 in average. Clover (Trifolium pratense L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), common pea (Pisum sativum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were under different residue management practices. Three fertilization management practices: 0-zero level without organic or inorganic fertilization, respectively, F- mineral fertilizer calculated to the designed yield level, PR – incorporating all above-ground plant material as a source of organic matter plus mineral fertilizer for the balance equilibrium level. Reduced tillage to the depth 0.10-0.12m + surface cultivation has been used. Plots were divided into subplots (11x40m) and were subjected to fertilization treatments with four replications. The soil samples were collected from the 0.075m topsoil layer three times (spring: 2-3 weeks after sowing, summer: 2 days before harvest, autumn: 2 nd decade of September). The soil samples were incubated at 28 oC, and soil basal respiration was measured in 3-4 days intervals. Significantly higher level of basal respiration and flux of carbon dioxide from unfertilized zero treatments (30 mg/1000g/day) pointed out the threat of soil organic matter pool from long term perspective. Basal respiration and organic C content were influenced by growing crop. The treatments with incorporation of crop and post harvest residues reflect positive condition for balance of organic C content by medium level of soil basal respiratory activity.
THE PRODUCTIVE PROPERTIES IN SOME POTATO VARIETIES UNDER DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN SERBIA Z. BROCIC*, Nebojsa MOMIROVIC*, Ivica DJALOVIC**, D. V. MIRCOV*** *Faculty of Agriculture, Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro **Faculty of Agronomy, Cacak, Serbia and Montenegro ***Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România Abstract . Two–year study was carried out at three locations: Zemun; Guča and Srbobran, involving nine potato cultivars: Adora, Jaerla, Cleopatra, Latona, Liseta (early to medium-early cultivars); and Frisia, Kondor, Desiree, Morene (medium–late to late cultivars). The method of field experiments was used in the different ecological conditions and on different soil types in Zemun (100 m above sea level; slightly calcareous chernozem), Guča (370 m above sea level; pseudo–clay), and Srbobran (86 m above sea level; chernozem). Mean monthly temperature and precipitation were observed during vegetation season. At the end of vegetation season, the total yield of tubers and yield of marketable potatoes including all healthy and non–damaged tubers heavier then 70 g. were examined. In addition we examined average number of tubers per plant and average tuber mass too. Average yields achieved in 2001, were significantly different from yields achieved in 2000. The best total yield was achieved at locality Zemun in 2001, with Morene, late potato cultivar. The highest yield of marketable potatoes was shown by cultivar Cleopatra obtained in Zemun in 2001. The highest average number of tubers per plant was found for the cultivars Desiree, Morene and Latona.
CLIMATIC CHANGES AND GRAPEVINE CULTIVARS IN PANNONIA PLAIN Nevena PETROVIĆ*, Branislava SIVČEV*, Vladislav POLAK*, Ivana TOŠIĆ ** *Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11081 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia and Montenegro **Faculty of Physics, Meteorological Institute, Dobračina 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro Abstract .Climatic changes on the global level have consequences in changes of meteorological and climatologic conditions at mezo-ranges. The aim of this paper was to determine suitability of growing grapevine cultivars in a viticulture region at Pannonia plain. Trend analyses was done based on the meteorological data for South Banat subregion (Vršac: H=83m, φ=45 09 N, λ=21 19 E).Trend of significance for the 95% level of confidence for mean air temperature and sunshine duration was obtained for the May-June period. For those elements, trend was increasing. For mean air temperatures, extreme air temperatures and amount of precipitation, trend was insignificant.The grapevine cultivars than ripen earlier are recommended, as well as low trunk training suitable for covering
ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE: A STRATEGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Gheorghe Valentin ROMAN, Elena NISTOR, Maria TOADER Agricultural and Veterinary University, Bucureşti, România Abstract .In exploiting the various forms of land and natural resources, including in agriculture, our responsibility towards the future generations must be taken into account, as an ethical component pertaining to the future. Technologies must diminish their impact on the environment, natural ecosystems must be less influenced by agricultural activities, and biological diversity must be preserved and developed by: rational agricultural production, diversified biological agricultural technologies, economic efficiency, adequate agricultural production and processing techniques, efficient food quality management, sensible and trustworthy decision-making worldwide. Modern technology of food production and processing raises a wide ranging debate about the sources, users, and purpose of food and its unique role in the society, as global commodity, and core part of local human societies. In the efforts to change the food type, place and production mode, organic agriculture will provide one means that enables humankind to start cleaning up and improving the environment, as well as preserving biodiversity – a finite world resource of economic and ethical value for humankind, whose reserves are being eroded or lost for perpetuity by unsustainable practices. Therefore, one of today’s critical challenges is the conservation of biological diversity, and the sustainable use of biodiversity components for the benefit of humankind
FERTILITY LIMITATIVE FACTORS STUDY AND YIELD CAPACITY RECOVERY MEASURES IN THE MUREŞULUI PLAIN TERRAINS I. BORZA*, H. VLAD**, D. ŢĂRĂU*, D. DOLOGA**, A. ILIUŢĂ**, Dorina FLOREA*** *Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România **OSPA, Arad, România ***Şcoala Generală nr. 4 I. Slavici, Arad, România
Abstract .The paper displays some aspects referring to terrains resources structure as well as the physical and geographical characteristics of mentioned area.There is a brief but complete presentation of a great variety of geological and geomorphological formations (Curtici, Şiria, Livada, Nădlac, Vinga Plains), for each of them being exposed main a characteristics that refers to the development area and the ecological factors manifestation way. The paper further presents limitative factors nature and intensity implied in soil fertility such as: fine texture humidity excess, hard compactness. We also present the intervention means (fit to different cases) that could lead to terrain quality improvement and yield increasing.
STUDY OF ZINC BIOACCUMULATION PROCESS IN CEREALS FROM POLLUTED SOILS versus RAIN REGIME
B. LIXANDRU*, Smaranda MÂŞU**, C. BOGATU**, N. DRAGOMIR*, I. PEŢ*, Anca PRICOP* * Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România **National Institute of Industrial Ecology ECOIND, Bucharest-Branch Office Timişoara, România
Abstract . This study follows the development of some corn cultures onto artificial polluted soils with zinc salts, comparatively with polluted soils and amended with pillared volcanic tuff with clinpotilolite containing high polynuclear aluminium salts – cage type. Experimental period took place during two years, soil pollution degree being near alertlevel in first year, for less sensible soils (670 mg Zn/kg d.s.), and 3.5-4 times greater. Plants tolerate in both cases searched pollution level. But, they current different bioaccumulation levels depend on vegetative organ and phenophases. Amendment of polluted soils determinates essential changes of zinc bioavailability in soil, and the consequence is decreasing of zinc concentration up to 3 times in roots and aerial parts. Zinc bioaccumulation rate in grains is 20-25 % greater in polluted soils, but quantity of bioaccumulated zinc is not dangerous for their use in animal food.
RESEARCHES REGARDING THE AIR LEAD AND ZINC BIOACCUMULATION IN THE CORTICOLOUS LICHENS
B. LIXANDRU*, G. TRANDAFIR*, Smaranda MÂŞU**, F. MOSCALU* * Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România **National Institute of Industrial Ecology ECOIND, Bucureşti-Branch office Timişoara, România
Abstract . In two locations of the Timisoara city, differentiated by the traffic’s intensity, during March-May 2005, the zinc and lead accumulation in two corticolous lichen species, Physcia aipolia and Xanthoria parietina was studied. The trees these two species were identified on were: Populus canadensis, Prunus pisardi, Acer platanoides and Populus alba. The corticolous lichen species accumulate similar zinc quantities regardless the studied location. In the case of lead, the Physcia aipolia species accumulates in both locations a significantly greater quantity (p≤0.05) compared to Xanthoria parietina, positively correlated with the intensity of the traffic.
NITRITES DETERMINATION IN THE WASTE WATERS FROM COMTIM PERIAM SWINE COMPLEX AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE SURFACE WATERS
Gh. NISTOR, Eleonora NISTORAgricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . Researches made refer to the determination of nitrites concentration in waste waters from swine Comtim complex–Periam, Timiş County. The lowest nitrite concentration of 1.3 mg/l, in the sample took from pump station one and water sample took one km upstream, are framed in the second class accepted for the surface waters. The highest nitrites concentration was determined in the water sample took in pump station one, with a value of 5.3 mg/l being over the all accepted standard limits accepted for surface waters approved by the National Council of Waters Resources.
THE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN AND AMMONIA OF THE WASTE WATERS FROM COMTIM PERIAM SWINE COMPLEX UPON SURFACE WATERS
Gh. NISTOR, Eleonora NISTORAgricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . The study was conducted to concerns about water quality after discharge the wastewaters from the swine farms from Comtim- Periam in Mureş River. Nitrogen concentrations from 852 mg/l to 17.3 mg/l exceed the standard limits accepted for the surface waters. As regarding the ammonia concentration is also very high, from 15.2 mg/l to 725 mg/l. Even the sample took one km upstream of 3.1 mg/l can’t be framed neither in the fourth class of the surface waters. Wastewaters from swine complex Periam are very pollutant for the surface waters, especially for the Mureş River.
THE REQUESTS FOR A LONG-TERM MATERIAL AND ATROPHIC RESOURCES ADMINISTRATION FROM TIMIŞOARA URBAN ENVIRONMENT
D. Ţărău*, Irina Ţărău**, I. Borza*, V. Ciupa***, Romana Jarba* *Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România **O.S.P.A., Timişoara, România ***Townhall Timişoara, România
Abstract . This paper presents the results of the investigations concerning the “Inventory and assessment of soil pollution degree in a few areas of Timişoara”. We present shortly the physical and chemical features of the area, the composition of edaphic cover in urban environment, some specific features and their role in defining the landscape conception. Finally, we introduce the necessary measures for a long term management of natural and edaphic resources.
THE EVOLUTION OF PEDOFAUNA DYNAMICS IN SOILS FERTILIZED WITH COMPOSTED SLUDGE AND IRRIGATED WITH USED WATERS RESULTED FROM ANIMAL BREEDING COMPLEXES
Mădălina IORDACHE, Iacob BORZA Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract .The composting of different materials resulting from industrial processes or zootechnic complexes is a main problem concerning the removal of these residues. The zootechnic sludge represents a more difficult question, because besides the detergents used for the cleaning of boxes (used water), a high number of pathogenic agents accumulate too. The composting is a biological process (brought by bacteria and fungi) and maintained by other organisms – link of the trophic chain in the newly formed biocoenosis. This paper presents some aspects concerning the secondary decomposing fauna in soils fertilized with composted sludge and irrigated with used waters from zootechnic complexes.
THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURE PLANT AND ORGANIC FERTILIZATION ON LUMBRICIDES ACTIVITY FROM SOIL
Mădălina IORDACHE, Iacob BORZA Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract .Between the representative invertebrates involved in maintaining soil fertility, the lumbricids are the most important. Their spreading and development in soil depend on a few factors (1), more significant being the quantity of organic matter which constitutes their food source, the degree of soil disturbance by tillage and the type of culture plant. The paper presents the influence of these factors on lumbricids activity, organisms which can constitute an alternative for mineral fertilization.
THE INFLUENCE OF NITRATES OF THE WASTEWATERS FROM COMTIM PERIAM SWINE COMPLEX UPON THE SURFACE WATERS
Eleonora NISTOR, Gh. NISTOR Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . Nitrates analysis of water is one of the most common tests done. This is because nitrate pollution of water presents a significant health risk for humans and animals. By this investigation was determined the waste waters from Comtim-Periam swine farms loading with nitrogen compounds. Laboratory analyses for nitrites concentration determination shows that the highest value, over the second class of surface water was of 36.4 mg/dm 3 registered at the pump station no.1. The lowest value of 9.8 ml/dm 3 was obtained at one km upstream from the place of discharge wastewater in the Mureş River. In four from the six places where the samples were taken nitrates concentration is over the limit accepted for the surface waters of third class.
THE INFLUENCE OF PH, ELECTRIC CONDUCTIBILITY AND DIFFERENT IONS OF THE WASTEWATERS FROM THE COMTIM PERIAM SWINE COMPLEX UPON THE SURFACE WATERS
Eleonora NISTOR, GH. NISTOR Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . The highest value of chlorine ions in wastewaters from Comtim complex of 345.01 mg/l was registered at pump station one being framed in the third class of the surface waters. The wastewaters loading with calcium ions are situated under the limits accepted for the first class of the surface waters. Sodium ions concentration is framed in the third and second classes accepted by the standard for the surface waters. The potassium ion concentration is extremely high comparative with the accepted standard limits in the samples took from pump station one, lagoon six and pump station three being framed only in the fifth class for the surface waters. In the other three samples, the values recorded framed in the first class of the surface waters. Phosphorus ion concentrations exceed in all the water samples the limits recommended by STAS: 1146-2002 for the surface waters.
CLIMATE FEATURES IN 2005
V. D. MIRCOV Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract .Characterising climate supposes analysing the evolution in space and time of the different climate parameters during the year 2005 at meteorological stations in the Banat area. The varied relief, whose auditorium-like distribution opens to the south and west, allows the penetration of moister air masses from north-west or from south turning Banat’s climate into a moderate-continental climate with ocean and sub-Mediterranean influences.
4 th SESSION
SOIL SCIENCES
LE TAUX D’ACCUMULATION DE L’HUMUS DANS L’ENTIANTROSOL DE CĂPUŞ (DÉP. DE CLUJ) APRÈS 30 ANS DE CULTURE AGRICOLE
Gh. BLAGA*, Ioana CĂTINAŞ*, M. DUMITRU**, Laura PAULETTE*, I. PĂCURAR*, I. SĂRAC***, M. BUTA*, Doina CLAPA*, Lucia BLAGA****, Elvira OROIAN* *Agricultural and Veterinary University, Cluj-Napoca, România **I. C. P. A., Bucureşti, România ***S. C. Ecologic Service Oradea S. A., Oradea, România ****Universitatea Tehnică, Cluj-Napoca, România
Résumé .L’ouvrage présente les données concernant le taux moyen d’accumulation de l’humus après trente ans dans une expériment rigoureuse placé sur les haldes de stérile (entiantrosol) de Căpuş et cultivées durant toute cette période avec du maïs, de l’avoine et du sainfoin.Les agro-fonds de fertilisation étaient les suivants: V 1-nonfertilisé, V 2-40t/ha fumier non-fermenté, V 3-15t/ha fumure, V 4-40t/ha fumier + N 100 P 60 K 40, V 5-15t/ha fumure+ N 100 P 60 K 40, V 6 - N 100P 60K 0; V 7 - N 100P 60K 40; V 8 – N 200P 120K 80; V 9 – N 300P 180K 120. En analysant les données concernant le taux d’accumulation d’humus après 30 ans de culture et fertilisation, on obtient les meilleurs résultats par fertilisation organique, surtout avec du fumier.Ainsi à la variante V 5 (15 t/ha fumier de volailles + N 100 P 60 K 40) on réalise un taux annuel de 0,111 à une profondeur de 0-10 cm et respectivement 0,083 à une profondeur de 10-20 cm, suivie par la variante V 2 (40 t/ha fumier).
A CALCULUS METHOD OF THE INFLUENCE OF WATER REGIME ON THE HEAT CAPACITY OF GREENHOUSE SOIL
Feodor FILIPOV, Octavian TOMIŢĂ, Marius CĂLIN The „Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Agricultural and Veterinary University, Iaşi, România
Abstract . The heat capacity is an extensive soil property because its value depends both on the specific heat and the soil mass or volume. The heat capacity value is influenced by the unchangeable soil properties (e.g. texture), slightly changeable ones (e.g. humus content), and variable soil properties (e.g. water and air volume). In the paper is proposed a calculation method to estimate the influence of soil’s water content on the heat capacity value. Knowing this influence is important in making a decision on the most appropriate irrigation technology to be used, especially during cold seasons.
influence of minimum tillage systems upon the P reluvosol vertic soil physical and agrochemical properties
T. RUSU, P. GuŞ, Ileana BogdanU niversity of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine , Cluj-Napoca, România
Abstract .The paper presents the influence of the conventional ploughing tillage system in comparison with the alternative minimum tillage system (disc harrow, rotary harrow, paraplough and chisel plough) upon the preluvosol vertic soil physical and chemical properties. The use of minimum soil tillage systems within a three years rotation: maize, soy-bean and wheat favourites the rise of the aggregates hydro stability with 2.2-5.5% on 0-10 cm, 3.3-11.8% on 10-20 cm and 3.6-10.4% on 20-30 cm depth. Soil minim tillage modifies the bulk densityand penetration resistance, but these modifications are within optimal limits of the soil type. Paraplough and chisel plough soil tillage, by intensity reduction, reduction of soil loose intensity and rest of vegetables incorporation at the soil surface, determines the humus contains to grow with 0.35 – 0.51% and soil permeability growing for water. Minimum soil tillage doesn’t modify significantly the soil reaction and NPK contain in the arable stratum, but determines the stratification of those at the surface of the soil.
RESEARCH CONCERNING THE VALORISING POTENTIAL OF MINE STERILE FROM SURFACE CARBONIFEROUS EXPLOITATIONS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS
F. SALA, Isidora RADULOV, L. NIŢĂ, Adina BERBECEA Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . Mine sterile from surface carboniferous exploitations in the Motru River Basin (County of Gorj) and Huznicioara (County of Mehedinti) have mineral and physical and chemical features that make them a potential soil source. Literature, as well as research we have carried out, point out the possibility of valorising mine sterile within local ecological reconstruction works. Mine sterile can also be used in ash, floating sand, waste dump, etc. covering works. It is also important in the establishment of agricultural lands.
SOIL SUITABILITY FOR DIFFERENT USE CATEGORIES IN THE ARANCA PLAIN
L. NIŢĂ*, I. RUSU*, F. SALA* Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . The icrease of yeld and of soil fertility are directly determined by a detailed knowledge of soil-formation processes, of the evolution aun of the state of ensuring soils with main nutriens. Previous researches concern numerous analytic data for a period of over 5 year, aqn interval in witch numerous changes occurred both in soil proprieties and in close relation to soil-formation conditio, it is necesary to reevaluate physical and chemical proprieties, nutrient ensuring state and yielding capacity of the main crops in the Aranca plain area.
MODIFICATION OF SOME AGROCHEMICAL CAMBIC CHERNOZEM FEATURES AFTER ORGANIC FERTILIZATION
Isidora RADULOV, Adina BERBECEA, Fl. SALA, Alina ANITEI Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . In this paper we present research results concerning the change of some soil chemical properties of cambic chernozem in Timisoara after sewage sludge fertilization. Organic fertilizers, who were applied, are cattle manure, sewage sludge and swine sludge in different doses. By analysis were determined: soil pH, total exchange cation capacity (T me/100 g soil), degree of base saturation (V %), sum of exchangeable bases (S B me/100 g soil), hydrolytic acidity (A H me/ 100 g soil), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium soil content.
USE OF SOME INDUSTRIAL RESIDUES AS FERTILIZING RESOURCES IN RAW MATERIAL DEFICIT AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION CONTEXT
Adina BERBECEA, Isidora RADULOV, Fl. SALA Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . In this paper we studied the possibilities of using slag from metallurgical industry as fertilizing resources, in row materials deficit and environmental protection context. Furnace slag and steel slag which result from steel obtaining process on metallurgic plants, were analyzed for establishing fertilizing capacities and for metal content determination
FEATURES OF THE MAIN SOIL TYPES IN THE CRIŞUL NEGRU – CRIŞUL REPEDE INTERFLUVES
M. TÂŞCĂ *, I. RUSU ** *University of Oradea, România **Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . In order to assess quality of both agricultural lands and soil resources in the Crişul Negru – Crişul Repede interfluves it is necessary to know how the land resource is distributed and used. At the level of the year 2003, the situation of the land resources was relatively stable, with low possibilities of expanding their agricultural use, with rather a regression in favour of forest areas.
ON THE FAVOURABILITY OF SOILS IN THE CRIŞUL NEGRU – CRIŞUL REPEDE INTERFLUVES FOR THE MAIN AGRICULTURAL CROPS
M. TÂŞCĂ *, I. RUSU ** *University of Oradea, România **Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . Increasing production and agricultural land fertility are directly determined by the detailed knowledge of soil processes, of evolution, and of the measure in which soils are supplied with nutrients. Previous research contain numerous analytical data over a period of over 40 years, an interval in which there were numerous changes both in soil features and in research methodology, mapping, and assessment of agricultural lands. As both soil features are dynamic, in close relation with soilification conditions, it is necessary to re-assess physical and chemical features, nutrient supply, and soil favourability for the main crops in the Crişul Negru – Crişul Repede interfluves.
THE IMAGE OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: SOIL FERTILIZATION IN MANAGED SYSTEM
Florin CRISTA*, Mircea GOIAN*, Cornelia DRAGOMIR** *Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România **Carmen Sylva Pedagogic Highschool, Timişoara, România
Abstract . Sustainability represents the capacity of society, ecosystem or any other existent system of continuum functioning, without reaching a point of exhaust the key resources.
THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS OVER THE SOIL APPARENT DENSITY IN THE DIDACTIC STATION TIMISOARA TREE-PLANTATION IN SUPER-INTENSIVE SYSTEM
c asiana Mihuţ, i. rusu Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara,România
Abstract . The researches were made between 2003 and 2005, on the cambic chernozem, from the apple-tree plantation, in the Didactic Station, the culture system being super-intensive. Apparent density is the mass of volume unit of soil, together with empty spaces and results from the rapport between the mass of completely dry soil, in natural placement and his volume. To know the apparent density is helping to calculate soil porosity, water reserve etc.
RESEARCH CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE OF CITY SLUDGE AND OF MINERAL FERTILISERS ON GRAIN MAIZE AND SUN-FLOWER CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE BANAT’S PLAIN
Carmen PĂIAN*, F. SALA** *Tibiscus University, Timişoara, România **Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . City sludge from water plants are important fertiliser resources for agriculture. Using city sludge is necessary both in maintaining soil fertility and in recycling in a non-polluting way human wastes. Agricultural and environmental policies of the EC are oriented towards recycling these fertilising resources through agricultural production processes with respect for environmental protection standards. Research was carried out in order to develop true solutions for valorising city sludge at the Water Plant in Timişoara in the conditions specific to Western Romania. PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS OF GĂTAIA AREA (COUNTY OF TIMIŞ)
K. LAŢO, I. RUSU Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . The researches that were made around Gataia, shows the capability of main soil types for different utilizations of lands and agricultural crops. They shows the evaluation marks for the six soil types, calculated after the physical and chemical properties who are find in pedological studies in the last 10 years. METHODS OF FINDING COUNTERFEIT HONEY-BEES
Laura GABOR, Mircea GOIAN Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . This paper specifies some of the methods of identification for certain substances. Those substances can be put in honey-bees in order to obtain counterfeit products. The research presents the main substances, which can be mix with honey. Also, we describe the methods of finding those substances.
PEDOCLIMATIC CHARACTERIZATION OF RECAŞ VITICULTURAL CENTER Iasmina Cecilia SAVESCU, Mircea GOIAN, Elisabeta KOCIS Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . Recaş viticultural centre has favorable pedoclimatic conditions for grape vine culture. The grape vine offers a great economical potential to the whole area with real possibilities to capitalize the local pedoclimatic conditions THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZATION UPON QUANTITY OF APPLE PRODUCTION
Nicoleta TABLE, Mircea GOIAN Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România Abstract . This research list the productions obtain for Jonathan, Dudoane and Ţigănesc varieties. Those varieties were cultivated in standard system and fertilized with manure and 15:15:15 complex fertilizers. The varieties taken under study are local varieties cultivated in Bistra Valley (Caraş-Severin County).
5 th SESSION
BIOLOGY RESEARCHES WITH IMPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURE RESEARCH ON THE BIOLOGY OF AMARANTHUS SPP. SPECIES UNDER CLIMATIC CHAMBER CONDITIONS
Maria TOADER, Gheorghe Valentin ROMAN Agricultural and Veterinary University, Bucureşti, România
Abstract .The focus of our research was the study of the biology of a new species of agricultural crop – amaranthus (Amaranthus spp.), under the conditions of the climatic chamber (phytotron). Research was carried out in the interval of 23 rd April – 20 th August, and allowed to establish the duration of the vegetation cycle of amaranth plants of 121 days or 651 oC UTU (Σt>15 oC).Under controlled conditions, the amaranthus plants formed 9 nodes on their main stem, whereas their height (measured up to the top of the final inflorescence) was 120 cm. Also, 20 leaves formed on the main stem. 100 days after the emergence, flowers started to open at the basis of the inflorescence. The flowering duration was 10 days, seeds started to form 110 days after the emergence, and the harvest maturity was recorded on 20 th August.
ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF SALVINIA NATANS (L.) ALL. (SALVINIACEAE)
Rodica BERCU University „Ovidius”, Constanţa, România
Abstract . The article comprises the investigation on the structure vegetative organs of an aquatic fern, namely Salvinia natans (L.) The specific fern character is represented, mostly, by the stem structural organization, especially those of the vascular system. The hydrophytic features such as the presence of aerenchyma well developed in the stem and submerged leaf and less in the emerged leaf are described and discussed.Remarkable is the heterogenous mesophyll with numerous chloroplasts and the blade epidermal papillae and hairs.
STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF RHIPSALIDOPSIS ROSEA BACKBR. (CACTACEAE)
Rodica BERCU University „Ovidius”, Constanţa, România
Abstract . The paper deals with structural organization of the root and stem of Rhipsalidopsis rosea Backbr. The results revealed that the anatomical structure of this plant justify it succulent nature, especially the water storage parenchyma, covering the major portion of the stem. The root of these species is well developed, possessing a secondary structure which gives it strength. The stem mechanical tissue is absent. Remarkable is the presence of empty circular spaces and calcium oxalate crystals in the stem cortex and pith. The cortex covers the major portion of the stem. It is differentiated into a chlorenchymatic and a water storage tissue. The vascular system of the stele is poorly developed represented by a number of close collateral vascular bundles.
NOTES ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF BOVINES DURING THE STABLE PERIOD
R. PALICICA, Olga-Alina RADA, Mihaela Liana FERICEAN Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . In this paper we present a few behavioural features of the feeding and defecating, resting and sleeping, as well as body care in bovines kept in farm system, tied on a single line, during winter stable periods. As biological material, we used cows of the Brună breed belonging to some households in Vârfurile (County of Arad), a hill area with medium yielding natural pastures. Results show that caring for bovines in this system allows a better valorising of roughage and succulents (particularly potatoes and pumpkins) and subsequently satisfactory milk yields. The defecating and the resting behaviours are optimal, in accordance with body’s demands.
NOTES SUR LA FLORE DES TERRES ARABLES ABANDONNÉES DANS LA PROVINCE DU BANAT (DÉPARTEMENTS DE TIMIŞ ET DE CARAŞ-SEVERIN)
Gicu-Gabriel ARSENE, Ioan COSTE, Alina-Georgeta NEACŞU, Alma-Lioara GRIGORIU, Ilinca Merima IMBREA, Florin-Marius FAUR, Alina-Margareta ARSENE, Daniel-Simion BISTRIAN Université Agricole et Vétérinaire du Banat, Timişoara, România
Résumé . On présente un inventaire floristique des cormophytes identifiées dans les jachères de 1-7 ans, pendant la période 2003-2005, dans plus de 100 parcelles et 25 localités des départements de Timiş et Caraş-Severin. L'inventaire contient environ 300 espèces dans 48 familles botaniques. Ce niveau de la biodiversité est dû au stock semencier d u sol, au flux de propagules provenant des écosystèmes voisins et à la quasi-absence des mesures agronomiques.
LA FLORE DE LA RÉSERVE A NARCISSES DE FĂGET-BĂTEŞTI (DÉPARTEMENT DE TIMIŞ)
Gicu-Gabriel ARSENE Université Agricole et Vétérinaire du Banat, Timişoara, România
Résumé . En prolongation des recherches qui ont commencé en 2000 et publiées en 2003, on présente un inventaire floristique augmenté, avec 110 espèces. Il est exceptionnelle la présence de l'écotype de prairie humide de Fritillaria meleagris, non mentionnée jusqu'à présent dans la réserve. Les présences des narcisses et de l'espèce endémique Peucedanum rochelianum sont autant d'arguments pour renforcer le statut d'aire protégé du site.
CAUSES OF PIGLET LOSSES UPON FARROWING AND THEIR IMPACT ON SOW PRODUCTION
I. PETROMAN, Cornelia PETROMAN Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . The maximum number of piglets (and, subsequently, the least losses) upon farrowing occur on farms with 500 to 1000 heads that ensure the proper monitoring of the farrowing. The largest total piglet losses occur on farms with 200 heads because of the lack of monitoring upon farrowing (4.95%), because of the crushing of the piglets by the sows (7.81%) during the first week of life, as well as because of unknown causes.
FACTORS INFLUENCING SOW FECUNDITY AND PIGLET NUMBER UPON FARROWING
I. PETROMAN, Cornelia PETROMAN, H. SĂRĂNDAN Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . The number of coverings influenced the percentage of fecundity in F1 hybrid primiparous sows (Marele Alb x Landrace) and the number of piglets upon farrowing, while temperature in the shed had no negative effect on these indices. Stress due to coldness did not affect the number of piglets upon farrowing, by heat during summer contributed to a lower fecundity rate and to a smaller number of piglets upon farrowing.
LA DISPERSION DES ESPECES DU GENRE CARABUS L. DANS LA ZONE DU SEMENIC
Florin PRUNAR*, Jean BARLOY**, Ioan PĂLĂGEŞIU*, Silvia PRUNAR* *Université Agricole et Vétérinaire du Banat, Timişoara, România **AGRENA-ENSAR, Rennes, France
Résume . Cette étude présente la répartition des espèces du Genre Carabus et leur période d’activité dans le massif du Mont Semenic
LA DISPERSION DES ESPECES DU GENRE CARABUS L. DANS LA ZONE CARASOVA
Florin PRUNAR*, Ioan PĂLĂGEŞIU*, Jean BARLOY**, Silvia P RUNAR* *Université Agricole et Vétérinaire du Banat, Timişoara, România **AGRENA-ENSAR, Rennes, France
Résume . Cette étude présente la répartition des espèces du Genre Carabus et leur période d’activité dans la Zone karstique de Carasova – Anina.
ENZYMOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Alina Dora SAMUEL *, C. DOMUŢA**, Simona VICAŞ*** *Universi ty of Oradea, Department of Plant Biology, Oradea, România **Agricultural Research and Development Station, Oradea, România ***University of Oradea, Faculty of Environmental Protection, Oradea, România
Abstract . Actual and potential dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities were determined in the 0–10–, 10–20– and 20–30–cm layers of a brown luvic soil submitted to a complex tillage and crop rotation experiment. Each activity in both non-tilled and conventionally tilled soil under crops of both rotations decreased with increasing sampling depth. It was found that no-till – in comparison with conventional tillage – resulted in significantly higher soil enzymatic activities in the 0–10– and 10–20–cm layers and in significantly lower activities in the deeper layers. The soil under wheat or maize was more enzyme-active in the 6– than in the 2–crop rotation. In the 2–crop rotation, higher enzymatic activities were registered under maize than under wheat, excepting acid phosphatase activity. In the 6–crop rotation, higher enzymatic activities were registered under wheat, excepting actual dehydrogenase activity.
APPLE TREE PRODUCTIVITY IN INTENSIVE ORCHARDS
Simona Jurca Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract .Apple-tree is the major fruit species grown in the temperate climate. In 2004, the apple-tree world production was 61,919,000 tons, of which 50% (32,494,236 tons) is obtained in Asia.
6 th SESSION
PLANT PRODUCTION WITHIN INTEGRATED PRODUCTION
EFFECT OF HERBICIDE DOSES ON WEED BIOMASS PRODUCTION IN TOBACCO IN CROATIA
Marija ĐURKIĆ*, Ankica BUDIMIR** , M. BOIĆ**, V. KOZUMPLIK*** , H. ĐURKIĆ****, Anica PERKOVIĆ* *J. J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia **Hrvatski duhani d.d. Virovitica, P.C. Kutjevo, Croatia ***University of Zagreb, Croatia ****Institute for Seed and Seedlings, Osijek, Croatia
Abstract . The effect of weed control (interrow cultivation with and without hoeing - untreated control and seven herbicide mixtures) in tobacco fields was evaluated on three types of soil in Croatia during 2001-2003. The total weed biomass was significantly higher (P<0.01) in all localities in 2002 that was more humid than the extremely dry 2003. In untreated control the dominant species in the total weed biomass were the annual grass weed Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) PB. with 75% on sandy loam (SL), 25% on pseudogleyic (P), and the smallest share of 9% on eutric cambisol (EC). Dominant annual broad-leaved weeds were Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., Portulaca oleracea, Polygonum lapathifolium L. on (SL), and on (EC) among the most abundant weed populations were Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Abutilon theophrasti Med. and perennial species Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. and Convolvulus arvensisL. Herbicide variants 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 reduced well (84-99.6%) the biomass of the annual grass weeds Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) PB. and Setaria glauca (L.) PB. The efficacy of herbicide mixtures in reducing the biomass of annual broad-leaved weeds varied more significantly in different localites and years of investigation (58-98.7%). Regarding the total efficacy in reducing the total weed biomass, the herbicide variants were ranked as follows: 1, 7, 3, 2, 4, 6 and 5.
WEED COMMUNITY OF AN APPLE ORCHARD IN THE REGION OF SARAJEVO (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)
Milan BIBERDZIĆ*, Mirko KULINA**, Saša BARAĆ *, Zoran JOVOVIĆ*** *Faculty of Agriculturae, Lesak, Pristina, Serbia and Montenegro **Faculty of Agriculturae, Eastern Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina ***Biotechnical Institute, Podgorica,Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract .According to an investigation of floristic composition and the structure of weed community of the apple plantation in the region of Sarajevo, it was found the total of 28 weed species. The characteristic group of the community was made of total of 7 species. Studies of vegetation dynamics of weed sinuosity in apple orchards with intensive production in the Sarajevo region have demonstrated that the production area in these orchards can be divided into two microdomiciles, such as: a microdomicile in the rows (under the fruit tress), and a microdomicile between the rows of fruit tress. The microdomiciles were established trough studies of agrophytocoenoses and anthropomeras. They have been represented with high abundance and cover degree, therefore creating the main mass of weeds in the plantation. Weed community had a therophytic character with significant presence of hemicryptophytes and slightly lower representation of geophytes. Weed–ruderal species were more represented than the weed species, while the contribution of meadow and ruderal species was the lowest. Weed community of apple orchard was analyzed as two separate parts: row and spacing area. Significant differences between those two producing spaces were established, especially in the floristic composition both in qualitative and the quantitative sense. The highest similarity in floristic composition was detected between whole weed community and the part of weed community developed in rows. The lowest floristic similarity was found between weed community in the row zone and the spacing area.
Weeds infestation and weed management crops in integrated and ecological agricultural crop systems
Štefan TÝR, Magdaléna LACKO-BARTOŠOVA Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
Abstract .The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of an ecological and integrated farming system on development of actual weed infestation. In our experiment were analyzed crop conditions and weed infestation of crops and their dependence of different manuring and fertilizing methods. Field experiments were established at the Slovak Agricultural University Research Station Dolná Malanta on brown clay-loamy soil in 1992. The actual weed infestation was evaluated during eight years, from 1998 till 2005, by standard methods common used by EWRS: a) numerous method; b) numerous-weight method. In integrated system as a weed regulation techniques were used chemical treatments and cultural methods, while in ecological only cultural and mechanical ones. According to the achieved results it is evident, that the farming system showed higher influence on development of actual weed infestation and weed species diversity, which points higher weed infestation and species diversity in ecological than in integrated system. In integrated agricultural system and cereal crops dominant weed species were (according to the level of infestation): Cirsium arvense, Stellaria media, Medicago sativa, Cardaria draba, Tripleurospermum perforatum, Chenopodium album, Convolvulus arvensis, Thlaspi arvense, Capsella bursa pastoris, Lamium purpureum, Avena fatua, Persicaria maculosa, Amaranthus retroflexus. In ecological system dominant weed species were: Tripleurospermum perforatum, Chenopodium album, Cardaria draba, Capsella bursa pastoris, Cirsium arvense, Lamium amplexicaule, Lamium purpureum, Thlaspi arvense, Stellaria media, Galium aparine, Polygonum aviculare. Contamination of live environment in integrated agricultural system and herbicide costs lead as to idea to grow agricultural crops by using only cultural, preventive and mechanical weed regulation methods, the same as in ecological system. This claim is feasibly only in cereal crops infested by low and middle infestation level.
RESEARCHES REGARDING THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME PEAR HYBRID SORTS AND ELITES IN SCURF ATTACK (VENTURIA PIRINA (ADERH.) SYDOW.) UNDER THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN THE FRUIT-GROWING CENTER LUGOJ (TIMIŞ COUNTY)
Gh. SIMERIA, N. NICORICI, Snejana DAMIANOV, Ramona CHIRIŢĂ Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . The researches carried out during 2004-2005 in a 6 years old experimental plantation of pear trees, concerning the behaviour of 14 hybrid elites and Cüré variety towards Venturia pirina attack, revealed the fact that the hybrid elites 1/63-81; 1/83-81 and 99-7-51 are resistant to scurf attack on leaves and fruits. In the hybrid elites 14/111-81; 15/50; 72-32-60; 72-22-83; 89-1-81 and 17/37 we did not observe any scurf attack upon fruit, and the leaves were very slightly attacked by this disease. Under the climatic conditions of the year 2005, the best production results were obtained in the hybrid elite 15/44, with 9,492 kg/ha and a production growth of 6,470 kg/ha compared to Cüré.
INVESTIGATIONS CONCERNING THE ARTHROPOD FAUNA OF SOME SOYBEAN VARIETIES
Ioan PĂLĂGEŞIU, Elena COŞTIUG Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . It presents the results concerning the study of the arthropod fauna structure of soybean genetically, modified and classic varieties. From the carried out investigations results that modified genetically varieties were less attacked by the mites (Acari). The insect attack was generally reduced or almost equally in comparison with classic varieties. The abundance of the zoophagous insects was not reduced on the modified genetic varieties.
A STUDY ON THE ATTACK ON WHEAT, MAIZE, AND SUNFLOWER BY SOME PESTS IN THE MAIN WAREHOUSES IN THE COUNTY OF TIMIS Doru Ion PETANEC, Lavinia Mădălina MICU, Paul PÂRŞAN Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract .The attack by the main warehouse pests, attack intensity, the number of generations, etc., depend on the temperature and moisture conditions as well as on the treatments applied in the warehouse. Each type of barn or warehouse ensures more or less optimal conditions for preservation. We noticed that modern silos are the only ones that can give good results from the point of view of proper seed preservation. Warehouse control should be done on a systematic basis. In this paper we present data concerning the infestation with pest species found in 13 warehouses in the County of Timis. As a result of laboratory analyses we identified the following pests: Tribolium confusum, Sitophilus granaries, Sitotroga cerealella, and Mus musculus, with weak to strong attacks.
BEHAVIOR OF A PLUM TREE VARIETY ASSORTMENT TO THE ATTACK BY CORYNEUM BEIJERINKII
A. BORCEAN, L. MOLNAR, Ramona CHIRIŢĂ Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . Fungus Coryneum beijerinkii is a endemic pathogen for western part of Romania, inducing low loses of crop every year and in the same time reducing the vigour of the attacked trees. The results of the Coryneum beijerinkii monitoring on five of the most cultivated varieties from the region are presented in this paper
ANALYSIS OF DIPLOCARPON ROSAE ATTACK ON AN ASSORTMENT OF ROSE VARIETIES AT THE DIDACTIC RESEARCH STATION IN TIMIŞOARA
A. BORCEAN, Gh. SIMERIA, L. MOLNAR Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . Rose field crops from the western part of Romania are infected every year by fungus Diplocarpon rosae which produce black spot disease of leaves. These attacks have a severe contribution to reduction of plant vigour and physiologic decline, with an important contribution to the reduction of the exploitation period of the rose crops. This paper aims to highlight the evolution of pathogeneity and virulence of fungus Diplocarpon rosae between 2003 and 2005.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF PITYOKTEINES CURVIDENS GERM. (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN THE NĂDRAG-PADEŞ CONDITIONS
Ciprian George FORA, Karl Fritz LAUER Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract .The spruce bark beetle in 2003, present two generations on year. The first generation is produced of beetles which survived in wintertime and the second generation is produced of mature beetles from first generation. Through partial, successive bark elimination, I follow the succession and the amplitude of stages of development on year. The results have an important role in establish the optimum moment of intervention of pest control.
ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME NECTARINE PEACH CULTIVARS AND HYBRIDS TO THE ATTACK BY MONILIOSE (MONILIA LAXA) ADERH ET RUHL. HONEY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SÂNNICOLAU MARE AREA Snejana DAMIANOV, Gh. SIMERIA, N. NICORICI Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . The behaviour of the nectarine peach cultivars and hybrids points out their very good resistance to moniliosis and also a very significant low attack degree in most cultivars and hybrids compared to the Romamer 2 control. Results also point out a good usage of technology elements in the application of treatments that have been made with systemic fungicides in alternance with contact ones, which contributed to the limiting of the attack or even to its lack. To note the Norton 609-1, Durbin Nectarine, Suntree Nectarine, May Fire cultivars, and the 1+F sR 3P 2 hybrid
BIOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION OF BLUMERIA GRAMINIS F. SPEC. TRITICI (D.C.) SPEER CAUSING POWDERY MILDEW IN WHEAT
Otilia COTUNA*, Gheorghe POPESCU*, Irina PETRESCU*, Dan MICLUŢA** *Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România **Station of Agricultural Research and Development Lovrin, County of Timiş, România
Abstract .Biological specialization of Blumeria graminis fungus is concretized through 11 “special forms” and more than 70 physiologic races, intraspecific units generated by a trophic base formed from 9838 angiosperm species that are owned by 1617 plant genera. The most spread physiological races are those that attack Pm1 and Pm8 resistance genes. Alex, Arieşan, Boema, Crina, Ciprian, Delabrad, Farmec, G.K. Othalom, Izvor, Partizanka, Lovrin 34, Bezostaia, Flamura 85, Turda 95, and Turda 2000 wheat varieties are sensitive to those races; for production varieties, if those genes lose their vertical action can determinate an partial resistance. Physiological races with complementary structure for Pm2, Pm3, and Pm5 genes have an average frequency an are attributed to Ardeal, Renan, Fundulea 4, Dropia and Holda wheat varieties, determining a medium resistance, which can be provided by minor genes with medium activity. Bercsy, Dor, Falnic, Gloria and Gruia wheat varieties proved to be resistant because of vertical action of Pm2b and Pm4 genes or because of the new Pm1a and Pm8a oligogenes, and possible because of the action of a minor gene. Biological specialization through intraspecific structures appeared into Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici species (as f.sp. and physiologic race) results from the great genetic plasticity of the fungus, and creates great difficulties to the plant breeders during the realization of a genetic control of powdery mildew as therapy through resistance genes; in this way we recommend cultivation of resistant varieties mentioned before.
ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN BLUMERIA GRAMINIS F.SP.TRITICI (D.C.) SPEER THAT CAUSES POWDERY MILDEW DISEASE
Otilia COTUNA*, Gheorghe POPESCU*, Irina PETRESCU*, Dan MICLUŢA** *Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România **Station of Agricultural Research and Development Lovrin, County of Timiş, România
Abstract .Observations realized during three years (2003-2005) on behaviour of 27 winter wheat varieties in case of Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew) attack allow us to affirm next: a) fungus attack is manifested with different intensity, in function of variety and general condition of experimental years (average virulence of the fungus is 26% in 2003, this increased at 43% in 2004 and decreased at 25% in 2005); b) from these 27 studied winter wheat varieties none presents immunity against powdery mildew, 18% are resistant and medium resistant for powdery mildew, and 64%are very sensitive; c) were resistant next varieties: Dor, Falnnic, Gruia, Gloria and Bercsy (18%); medium resistant were: Ardeal, Fundulea 4, Holda, Dropia and Renan (18%); and 17 varieties were sensitive for powdery mildew: Flamura 85, Turda 95, Turda 2000, Bezostaia, Partizanka, G.K. Othalom, G.K. Gobe, Arieşan, Lovrin 34, Alex, Romulus, Boema, Crina, Delabrad, Farmec, Izvor, and Ciprian; d) it doesn’t exist any immune for powdery mildew variety (Dor variety wasn’t attacked in 2003 and 2004 until in 20 May, and during 2005); e) characterization of varieties used in production is: Dor, Falnic, Bercsy (resistant), Ardeal, Fundulea 4, Dropia and Renan (medium resistant) and Flamura 85, Turda 95, Turda 2000, Partizanka, G.K. Othalom, G.K. Gobe, Arieşan, Lovrin 34, Alex, Romulus, Boema, Crina, Delabrad, Izvor, Ciprian (sensibile).
THE FLIGHT OF IPS TYPOGRAPHUS L. (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN THE NĂDRAG-PADEŞ CONDITIONS
Ciprian George FOR A Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract .The spruce bark beetle has two flights on year, in Nădrag-Padeş conditions. The first flight is produced in springtime and second one is produced in summertime. The second flight is prolonged until in autumn. For monitoring I have used traps (type Barieră for Ipidae and type Theysohn) baited with aggregative synthetic pheromones. The pheromones which I have used are Atratyp Plus and Pheroprax Ampulle.
RESEARCHES ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE MAIN PEST ORDERS IN THE LOTUS CORNICULATUS CULTURE Ana-Maria BADEA, Ioan PĂLĂGEŞIU Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . The present paper presents the experimental data for a period of two years 2004-2005 about the dynamics of the main pest orders from the Lotus corniculatus culture. As collecting took place weekly with the help of an insect net, it could be observed he the first insects were signalled during the second decade of April. The last collecting took place in the third decade of July. In 2005 the number of collected insects increased significantly compared with those collected in 2004.
A STUDY ON THE DEPRECIATION OF THE BREAD-MAKING WHEAT QUALITY AS A RESULT OF THE ATTACK BY SOME PESTS IN THE MAIN WAREHOUSES IN THE COUNTY OF TIMIŞ Lavinia Mădălina MICU, Doru Ion PETANEC, Ioan PĂLĂGEŞIU Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract:In this paper the authors highlight the changes in the bread-making wheat quality caused by the presence of pests in warehouses, as well as the importance of the way produce (i.e. wheat) are kept. We studied 6 warehouses in the County of Timiş between January and February 2006, and laboratory analyses were carried out at the Carani Mill. The structure of pest population as well as storing conditions has had an impact on wheat quality in the silos we monitored.
INVESTIGATIONS CONCERNING THE NON-POLLUTING CONTROL OF THE GRANARY WEEVILS (SITOPHILUS SP.)
Titus Ioan PĂLĂGEŞIU, Karl Fritz LAUER Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . It presents the results concerning the Aluminium oxide action on the granary weevils (Sitophilus sp). Aluminium oxide is a desiccant powder, a non-polluting product. It presented 80-88 % efficacy coefficient after six days of the treatment and 100 % efficacy coefficient after 13 days of the treatment in all the tested doses. Its period of the action is little investigated.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF APHID SPECIES BY COMPUTERIZED ANALYSIS OF SOME MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES
Liana-Mihaela FERICEAN, Ioan PĂLĂGEŞIU, Radu-Ioan FERICEAN Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . This paper’s intent is to present some methods to determine the species of aphids by computerized analysis of their external morphology images. It will describe the main procedures of such an application and the usage of image processing libraries for extraction of the useful information. For illustration it was used the winged form of Myzus persicae, one of the most common found species on many crops and frequently found on potatoes.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE „NO-TILL” SYSTEM ON THE ATTACK BY OSTRINIA NUBILALIS HB. IN CORN IN THE VINGA PLAIN CONDITIONS
Monica ANDRU**, Ioan PĂLĂGEŞIU*, Titus PĂLĂGEŞIU * *Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România **S.C. Prodagro Vest S.R.L., Arad , România
Abstract . We present the results of the research made on the implication of no-tillage culture system and crops rotation over the O.N. Hb attack on corn from Vinga Field. It has resulted that because of the lack of soil till and the maintenance of the vegetal residues on the soil, there appear elements that favour the transition from one year to another and the growth of the insects if the environmental factors are favourable to the population. The frequency of the attack has had a tendency to rise in the no-tillage monoculture system, but as far as the annual dynamics is concerned, only in the third year of no-tillage system implementation has there been achieved a superior level of growth (51.67%), unlike the average (40.0%). The insect attack was appreciated within the limits of average values: 17.33-33.44% frequency of attack, 4.83-5.18% intensity of attack, and 0.93-1.66% degree of attack. The crop rotation contributed to a significant decrease of the frequency of attack.
7 th SESSION
SOCIAL SCIENCES
LOGISTICAL ASPECT OF THE HUNGARIAN CEREAL PRODUCTION
Károly BODNÁR University of Szeged, College of Agriculture, Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
Abstract .The ratio of cereals in the land under arable crops has increased continuously from the ’90s in Hungary. The yield is greatly variable first of all due to the extreme changing of weather. The grains produced in the last two years were 200 % of the Hungarian consumption. The decreasing or maybe stagnant poultry and pig stocks of the country make the situation worse. The most serious problem is the delivery and storage of the stock. The intervention system of the cereal market means partial solution for the reduction and place of stock. The agricultural sector struggles with further logistical problems on the field of delivery. There are significant differences among the distances of transportation by different modes for the same cost. The position of Hungarian producers and the commercial firms is disadvantageous in the competition because of the transport charges.
ON WORD FORMATION IN THE ENGLISH OF AGRICULTURE: CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES ASSOCIATED WITH SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
Anica PERKOVIC*, Georgeta RATA** *J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia **Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . The large number of terms denoting concepts and practices associated with sustainable agriculture systems constitute one of the most confusing corpuses of terms in modern agriculture. This phenomenon should not worry as most of these concepts and practices have appeared recently and they need time to “settle”.
VIEW OF EMPLOYERS AT EU LEVEL ON AN ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION TO AGRO-INDUSTRIAL RELATION
József GÁL University of Szeged, College of Agriculture, Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
Abstract .One of the most important parts of European Union politics is the protection of our environment. We have to survey the reaction of employers how to use experts to develop the environmental strategy like part of strategy of companies. They must follow the rules, directives of EU, but have to find the best practice.How do companies think about environmental protection? Is it a duty for them or more? Can it be a type of mission? Nowadays we can certify it is demand and farms, agro-companies have to answer. Working according to the spirit of it prefer positive aspects, preventive protection our rural area for our future. EU offers a frame only, but local activity is necessary. Agro-industry has special situation therefore special job. Bio-organic agriculture can offer new jobs, but needs special knowledge so decrease number of unemployment. For instance we have to speak about statutory provisions and collective bargaining in European countries. In my paper I would like to find some answer in our region.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AS MARKET STRATEGY IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE
József GÁL University of Szeged, College of Agriculture, Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
Abstract .Environmental concern of industry and agriculture has started to reshape the landscape of Central- and Eastern European countries. The demands and influences of the environmental movement change our life. This situation offers different ways therefore you have to find the best way to save it for the future. The problem is to know, how we can build into the strategy of the enterprise. Can it be in the focus and possible to take marketing-mix around it? Environmental market is been developing in Central- and Eastern Europe, therefore its terminology has not been fixed. Against this situation it is possible to develop alternatives, in which marketing is very important part. Demands of customers pull the environment friend products and services. It joins to the acceptance of higher price. On these bases how we can understand and require manifesting environmentally based marketing strategy? I would like to write about scope, measure, manage of it. I mention the regional special element of it.
THE LEADER PROGRAMME AS A SPECIAL POSSIBILITY OF DEVELOPING SOCIAL CAPITAL IN RURAL AREAS
Krisztián KIS University of Szeged, College of Agriculture, Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
Abstract . Rural development is a complex activity in which we intervene in the development of rural areas regarding the criteria of sustainability on community and micro regional level. An important aspect during the development that it is not the territory that has to be developed but it is the people, the community that must be given a chance for economic and social development. An innovative solution is offered by the LEADER programme, which was established and launched by the EU in 1991, whose main feature is local partnership based on synergy and co-operation. Local partnership is a socio-economic structure element formed through the connections among the local actors (personal and institutional). This network is the base of the creation and utilisation of the social capital. Social capital as a non-material resource existing in society and as one of the rural resources plays a significant role in the economic and social development and improvement of rural areas. In my lecture I want to present the connection between social capital and rural development as well as the role of social capital in rural development through the LEADER programme which has a method different from that of the “classical” rural development programmes.
THE RELEVANCE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS FOR IMPROVED NUTRITIONAL AND HEALTH QUALITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Milan BIBERDŽIC*, Saša BARAĆ** *Faculty of Agriculturae, Lesak , Serbia and Montenegro **Faculty of Agronomy, Cacak , Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract .The quality of food and food plants can be modified and optimized to meet the nutritional and health needs of at-risk and compromised populations prevalent in most of the developing countries. High rates of malnutrition, infectious disease as well as diet-related diseases such as diabetes and hypertension are prevalent in many developing countries. These are as a result of compromised immune function, inadequate sources of nutritious and quality foods and limited access to healthy and suitable foods. Biotechnology and genetic modification techniques have been proposed and applied for the improvement of the quality of various food crops. These have typically been geared towards increasing yields and pest resistance of cash crops. There is considerably less emphasis however, toward improving quality with regard to fortification or functionality of foods and food plants. Functional foods have nutritional and physiological benefits and are applicable in disease prevention and management. The application of biotechnology techniques for the development of functional food plants with higher levels of bioactive components or increased availability of nutrients would greatly benefit most populations in developing countries and improve the health and nutritional status overall.
ON ENGLISH LOANWORDS IN THE ROMANIAN OF TOURISM (SITES OF TRAVEL AGENCIES IN THE DISTRICT OF TIMIŞ)
Georgeta RATA, I. PETROMAN Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . Owing to migration, ease of travel, mass communication, and similar factors, words of foreign origin abound in present-day Romanian speech and writing, particularly in the fields of cookery, tourism, the arts, and politics. It is difficult to predict whether any given word will become part of the vocabulary in the long term, yet many of the terms used nowadays in the Romanian of tourism were completely unknown only two decades ago.
ON ENGLISH LOANWORDS IN THE ROMANIAN OF TOURISM (NAMES OF ROMANIAN TRAVEL AGENCIES)
Georgeta RAŢĂ, I. PETROMAN Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . Owing to migration, ease of travel, mass communication, and similar factors, words of foreign origin abound in present-day Romanian speech and writing, particularly in the fields of cookery, tourism, the arts, and politics. It is difficult to predict whether any given word will become part of the vocabulary in the long term, yet many of the terms used nowadays in the Romanian of tourism were completely unknown only two decades ago.
METHODS FOR DEVELOPING THE CRITICAL AND CREATIVE SPIRIT
Maria PALICICA, Codruţa GAVRILĂ, Alina MĂRGHITAN Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . The development of the self-knowledge capacity of the pupils is one of the fundamental goals of education. As far as the orientation towards career is concerned, self-knowledge is the basis of the entire process. Self-knowledge is the investigation process oriented towards one’s own self (self-annalysis) in order to obtain knowledge and by this a self-image through self-observation. In order to be objective its data must be reported to the opinions and appreciations of the others and to the results of one’s own activity. Self-knowledge becomes possible in adolescence, contributinf to the formation of a self-conscience and of the ego.
ON THE ROLE OF DIDACTIC SKILLS WITHIN A TEACHER’S MODEL
Maria PALICICA*, Gabriela SORCA** *Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România ** “Nikolaus Lenau” High-School, Timişoara, România
Abstract . In this paper we present the results of an analysis of the main elements that make up the portrait of an “efficient” teacher; these elements are not analysed isolated, but through the prism of the way in which they interact or overlap with the psychic and social, intellectual, and emotional environment in which the professor works. Based on a research carried out on 120 subjects (elementary, secondary school, high-school students), we tried to establish in what measure pedagogic skills are defining in educating the young generation. The basic conclusion drawn from the study is that didactic skill is extremely complex and important in defining an efficient teacher, but that it is differently perceived depending on the stage of educational process.
AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN RECAŞ RURAL DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT
Florin SALA, Adalbert ŐKRŐS Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract .The agriculture in Recaş area suffered structural modification changes that were made to due to ownership over the land. Nowadays we can meet agricultural systems of sustenance and rentable agricultural systems under economically aspect. The contribution of this agricultural system to rural development of Recaş place is different and also interesting having a part of sustenance and developing in this community.
Divergences et convergences dans la terminologie des animaux de l’espèce bovine entre le français et le roumain
Corina Georgeta BARNA Université Agricole et Vétérinaire du Banat, Timişoara, România
Résumé .Dans le langage scientifique du domaine vétérinaire on utilise un lexique spécialisé, qui contient des termes scientifiques, mais aussi des mots du langage courant, étant données les spécificités de la communication entre le groupe des scientifiques vétérinaires, celui des médecins vétérinaires et le groupe d’éleveurs. Le dernier groupe utilise plutôt des mots du vocabulaire fondamental, du champ sémantique des animaux domestiques, des mots qui deviennent parfois des termes scientifiques dans des contextes scientifiques de la littérature vétérinaire francophone. Cette étude aborde l’analyse contrastive des noms des animaux de l’espèce bovine, en insistant sur les divergences. Les convergences des deux terminologies proviennent dans beaucoup de cas des étymologies communes, du latin.
DIVERGENCES ET CONVERGENCES DANS LA TERMINOLOGIE ANATOMIQUE DE L’ESPECE BOVINE ENTRE LE FRANÇAIS ET LE ROUMAIN
Corina Georgeta BARNA Université Agricole et Vétérinaire du Banat, Timişoara, România
Résumé .Il est évident qu’on ne peut pas décrire toute la terminologie anatomique bovine dans quelques pages. Cette étude aborde seulement les parties du corps et quelques termes fréquents, spécifiques à l’anatomie bovine, en insistant surtout sur les divergences apparues au cours des traductions. La médecine roumaine a emprunté beaucoup de termes du français, d’où les convergences des deux terminologies. Il est important d’obtenir des équivalences traductionnelles au cas des divergences, pour la parfaite cohésion des traductions scientifiques du domaine vétérinaire.
LA FRANCOPHONIE EN ROUMANIE
Virginia MASICHEVICI Université Agricole et Vétérinaire du Banat, Timişoara, România
Résumé. On parle beaucoup de la francophonie en Roumanie mais on sait, en général, peu de choses. Ce travail présente quelques données sur l’OIF, sur son rôle à jouer dans une société plurilingue et multiculturelle et surtout comment est perçu le mouvement francophone en Roumanie l’année du Sommet de la Francophonie qui aura lieu à Bucarest en septembre 2006.
ASPECTS CONCERNING INTER-PERSONAL CHOICES IN COMMUNICATION FROM THE SELF-ESTEEM PERSPECTIVE
Alina MARGHITAN, Maria PALICICA Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . This paper is part of an ampler study on communication concerning students’ self-portraying. In this paper we shall only refer to three factors resulting in interpersonal choices: similarity, proximity, and anxiety. We have used the index of self-esteem psychological investigation questionnaire to assess the way students self-portray themselves. This questionnaire was applied on 160 students from technical and humanities profiles, whose results are synthesised in tables and graphs.
ASPECTS CONCERNING CONTENT AND MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
Alina MARGHITAN Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract . This paper presents a theoretical study that aims at pointing out a few aspects of the communication process. There are several concepts to be differentiated: information-communication, affectivity and its role of condition as conceptual message filter, body language as a transmitter of affective messages, verbal messages and non-verbal messages (advantages and disadvantages), as well as the characteristics of human communication compared to animal communication. All these contribute to an ampler understanding of the communication process taking into account its complexity and role in psychological knowledge.
THE INTERROGATION IN THE DISCOURSE OF INSURANCE AGENTS
Felicia-Raluca SILION Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, România
Abstract .In the modern nowadays society the insurances play a very important role and the insurance companies develop their strategies and try to offer diverse products. In order to manage that, they base mainly on the native communicative ability and on the trained communicative competencies of the agents they use.In this paper we will not analyze the descriptive-informative discourse of the insurance agents, but the pragmatic values of the questions they use in their interaction with the clients. We have taken into consideration the standard question types, in the form they are taken over by the agents from the training specialists .
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