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ANALYSIS OF PER CAPITA GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN EU-25 COUNTRIES
J. LAZ�NYI
University of Debrecen Centre for Agricultural Sciences Coressponding author: J. LAZ�NYI
Abstract. The European Union is committed to global efforts to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. In the first step countries accepted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by around 5 % compared to 1990 levels, but in the longer-term, global emissions of greenhouse gases will need to be reduced by approximately 70 % and it forces the countries to update national emission inventories each year. An analysis of per capita GHG emission has been made with 25 member state of EU responsible for about 41 % of total greenhouse gas emissions. The 15 member states that made up the EU until 1 May 2004 are committed to reducing their combined emissions of greenhouse gases by 8 % from 1990 levels by the end of the Kyoto Protocol�s first commitment period 2008�12. The 10 new Member States are not covered by the EU target but have their own reduction target of 6 % or 8 % under the protocol, except for Cyprus and Malta, which have no targets. Many of the EU countries have greenhouse gas emissions greater than 6 t CO2-eq/cap. In 2004, the most important sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the EU-25 include energy industries (electricity sector and refineries) (28 %), transport (21 %), industry (without energy sector) (20 %), households and SMEs (17 %), agriculture (10 %) and other sector (4 %). Directive 2003/87/EC established a scheme for GHG emission allowance trading within the community in order to promote reductions of GHG emissions. EU scheme allows companies to use credits from Kyoto�s project-based mechanisms, joint implementation (JI) and the clean development mechanism (CDM), to comply with their obligations under the scheme. This means the system not only provides a cost-effective means for EU-based industries to cut their emissions but also creates additional incentives for businesses to invest in emission-reduction projects in developing countries. The transfer of advanced, environmentally sound technologies to other member states and developing nations, gives tangible support to their efforts to achieve sustainable development, but per capita GHG emission data indicate the importance of grouping to share reduction between global regions and countries.
Key words: Per capita greenhouse gas emission, EU-25 countries, Climate Change
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT WATER QUALITY FOR IRRIGATION ON VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
J. SUBIĆ, Nata�a CECIĆ, D. CVIJANOVIĆ
Institute of Agricultural Economics,Belgrade, SerbiaCorresponding author: Jonel SUBIĆ, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: This paperwork relate to Community of Pančevo area which were insert on black list of ecological points in Republic of Serbia due to spacious endanger of natural resources. Objects of this research are water and soil as unregeneration natural resources on which exist all planet life, including state and nation and all economy of any area. With regard of living in technological prosperity period and industrialization and in that way water as natural resources recipients a huge quantity of waste water, and also exposed to another origin of pollution, problems with evaluation of water quality for irrigation get bigger in last decades. In the nature are less water of good quality with aggravation trend. Negative impact of mineral water on soil and plants lead to need for determination and evaluation of water irrigation quality. Criteria for evaluation of water quality are often local character, and distinction is understandable, because conditions between individual region are different. This paperwork include three Experimental fields on three region Community of Pančevo. Experimental fields are under greenhouses and in period form October 2006 to April 2007 will be produced vegetables lettuce, spinach, onion and radish. First experimental field will be in Glogonj village, second in Banatski Brestovac village and third experimental field belongs secondary agricultural school �Josif Pančić� in Pančevo. In greenhouses will be introduced modern technology of production with micro sprinkling irrigation systems. Research activity during realization of this project impact of different water quality with three different areas and three different soil type on quantity and quality of produced vegetables and yield
Key words: irrigation, water quality, soil, vegetable production
ORGANIC FARMING AND ENVIRONMENT P. VUKOVIĆ, Slavica ARSIĆ, Lana IVANOVIĆ
Institute of Agricultural Economics,Belgrade, SerbiaCorresponding author: Predrag VUKOVIĆ, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: Since pollution has become disturbing in all parts of the world, it is important to identify all aspects of pollution and what affects it, in order to regulate and amend the problem. Continuous technological and technical progress, development of chemistry, plant breeding using chemicals and fertilizers, animal breading using large amounts of physiological waste, liquid and solid manure, are all significant causes of pollution. Therefore, many companies make programs for ecological and sustainable agriculture. This paper aims at identifying the conditions that are important for organic production, but it also discusses natural resources and new agricultural techniques used in order to reduce pollution. It analyses the conditions for controlled production and identifies the measures necessary for sustainable development of high quality food, protection of the eco-system and soil quality.
Key words: organic production, pollution factors, environment protection
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ECOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SKI SLOPES IN THE PREDEAL � POIANA BRAŞOV AREA (BRAŞOV COUNTY) T. MARUŞCA
RENATUROPA Association, Braşov, Rom�nia Corresponding author: Teodor MARUŞCA, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: The problem of sowing of ski slope in Romanian Carpathians is more recent compared to the countries from the Alps, where exists a long tradition of one century. In this paper is presented the experience of the author over thirty years referring to sowing of ski slopes. For reseeding of ski slopes in this area the best results during the last five years have been obtained with the mixture consisted by 100-150 kg grass and legumes perennial seeds, 50-100 kg grains and 500 kg/ha chemical fertilizers of NPK( 15-15-15).
Key words: ski slopes, sowing, chemical fertilizers, botanical composition
GREEN MANURE TECHNOLOGY WITH C/N RATIO FAVORABLE FOR HUMUS ACCUMULATION AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON MAIZE YIELD
C. DOMUŢA, Gh. CIOBANU, Maria ŞANDOR, Alina SAMUEL, Cornelia CIOBANU, N.C. SABĂU, V. ŞCHEAU, Ioana BORZA, Cr. DOMUŢA
University of Oradea, Rom�nia Corresponding author: C. DOMUŢA, e-mail [email protected]
Abstract: The paper is based on the research carried out in the second cycle of the experiment placed in Oradea in 1999. The use of lupine mixed with oat determined the improvement of the macrostructural stability compared to lupine pure crop. The use of the mixture also determined the improvement of other physical parameters, slightly improvements of the chemical parameters of fertility of the soil, the improvement of the enzymatic activity; as a result, the soil quality enzymatic index improved, a value of 455 compared to one of 441.49. The green manure pure crop ensures a 100% rate of success; the start second crop takes risks when made after 10th of July. In average, during 2004 to 2006, the lupine + oat variant assured statistically yield gain in the maize crop, compared to the lupine pure crop variant; these yield gains were registered both in the wheat-maize crop rotation and the crop rotation which included clover; the yield gains were also registered in the backgrounds studied (N0P0K0; N90P90K60). The maize� water use efficiency had higher values in the variant fertilized with lupine + oat in both crop rotations and both background. The results obtained reveal that the use of lupine mixed with oat improves the soil�s characteristics. They also lead to maize yield gains statistically assured, compared to lupine pure crop and the improvement of the maize� water use efficiency.
Key words: green manure, lupine, oat, mixture, technology
THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL PIG FARMS FROM THE MAŞLOC COMMUNE
Clarisa LIUBA, G. ELEŞ
Polytechnic University, Timişoara, Rom�nia Corresponding author: Clarisa LIUBA, e-mail [email protected]
Abstract: This study present the environmental impact of the industrial pig farms and the high pollution degree of the environmental factors (water, air, soil and people). Reprehensible management and carelessness about the potential dangers of the waste and the failure to install decent pollution control equipment and treat the waste resulted in violations of the permitted limits for phosphorus, faecal coliform and other pollutants. One way that pig farms waste pollutes is through the sprayfield system, which is supposedly meant to fertilize crops. But often too much of the untreated liquid manure is sprayed, resulting in crop damage and contaminated soil, groundwater as well as pose a serious health risk to the small segment of the population subject.
Key words: waste, untreated liquid manure, pollutants, environmental factors, environmental impact
USING INFORMATICS PROGRAMMES TO DESIGN DRAINAGE ARRANGEMENTS FOR EXCESSIVELY HUMID SOILS T. E. MAN, Claudia BURAN
Politehnica University of TimisoaraCorresponding author: Teodor Eugen MAN, e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract: The paper presents a methodology to set up a software product used to design drainage arrangements for soil with excessive humidity. Due to the fact that the design of a complex software programme has to be carried out as a team, we have to strictly follow certain steps: problem analysis, application design, sub-problem analysis, programming language transposition, programme testing, drawing up the documentation and checking the final product. The paper presents a case study to achieve a software application for drainage design.
Key words: drainage, informatics programs, design, humidity excess soils.
SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE LAND SLIP IN THE SADOVA VECHE AREA (CARAS-SEVERIN COUNTY) I. NEMEŞ
Politehnical University of Timisoara, Romania Corresponding author: Iacob Nemeş, e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract: In this paper are presented the conditions that led to the land slip from the Sadova-Veche locality, Caraş-Severin County, the effects of this phenomenon and the proposed improving solutions.
Key words: land slip, alluviums, overflow, versant, stone tail board, terrace, becoming overgrown with grass.
RESEARCHES REGARDING SOIL EROSION AND MEASURES TO FIGHT IT ON THE DECLIVITOUS TERRAINS LOCATED IN THE CORNEA AREA (CARAŞ-SEVERIN COUNTY): THEIR IMPACT ON THE LOCALITY
I. NEMEŞ
Politehnica University of Timisoara, Romania Corresponding author: Iacob Nemeş, e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract: In this paper are presented the erosion forms that led to the land slip from the Cornea locality, Caraş-Severin County, their impact over the locality and the solution for the area improving.
Key words: erosion, land slip, pedological profile, natural hazards, torrent dropping, bank falling.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN THE CATCHMENT AREA B�RZAVA
Adia GROZAVPolitehnica University of Timişoara, Rom�nia Corresponding author: Adia GROZAV, e-mail [email protected]
Abstract: The elaboration of this paper has a main purpose the accentuation of the pollution sources and the negative effects produced by them on the environmental. The changes due to pollution have an influence over people�s health, the need for food, water or air, whereas people influence more and more the environment, the needs and requests become higher also showing the consequences over the environment changes. Key words: catchment area, pollution sources, quality, pollution
MODIFICATIONS OF THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS IN THE ARANCA SURFACE-DRAINAGE SYSTEM (TIMIŞ COUNTY) Laura CONSTANTINESCU, I. NEMEŞ
Politehnica University of Timisoara, Romania Corresponding author: Laura CONSTANTINESCU, e-mail [email protected]
Abstract: The paper deals with the modifications of the chemical properties of the soils in a surface-drainage system. The soil samples were collected at an interval of 20 years, in 1975 and 1995, from four 100-cm deep soil profiles. The values obtained for the pH, the humus, the CaCO3, the exchangeable Na, the soluble salts and the Cl-, SO42- and CO32- anions have been compared.
Key words: surface-drainage system, chemical properties, soils. Full version
ACIDIFICATION PROCESSES IN SOILS OF BISTRA HIDROGRAPHYC BASINNicoleta NEMEŞ
Politehnica University of Timisoara, RomaniaCorresponding author: Nicoleta Nemeş, e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract: In this paper we studied the processes that generate acidity in the soils and the factors that determinate it. For this we analysed a lot of pedological profile, a sample from Obreja and Glimboca, in Bistra Hydrographyc Basin, Caraş- Severin County. From the pedological profile analyses we established that the acid soils, like luvosoils and districambosoils are predominant in the researches area and their acidity are determinate by the bases cations debasification and it forms a impermeable water horizon, Bt, that leads in time to oxide-reduction processes that will generate a soil acidification.
Key words: acidity, pedological profile, soil sample, hydrographic basin, debasification, bases cations, oxide-reduction processes.
GEOGEN POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METALS IN BISTRA AREA, CARAŞ - SEVERIN COUNTY
Nicoleta NEMEŞ, Iacob NEMEŞ, Laura CONSTANTINESCU
Politehnical University of Timisoara Corresponding author: Nicoleta Nemeş, e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract: The researches regarding the heavy metals contents in Bistra Hydrographic Basin, from Caraş-severin County, demonstrated that, generally, here the values exceed the normal values. Because these values were founded along the Couloir we considered that geogene hypothesis pollution exists. It is known that Ruşchiţa area is a mineralogical area. The pollutant activity of S.C. GAVAZII STEEL S.A. Oţelu Roşu is considered insignificant. If this pollutant activity would exist, the maximum values would be founded about the locality with a reduced tendency towards the valley extremity, fact that does not exist.
Key words: geogene pollution, heavy metals, normal value, mineralogic area
SIGNIFICANT DIFFUSED POLLUTION SOURCES IN SOILS AND WATERS OF BEGA HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN Ioana A. COSTESCU
Politechnic University Timişoara, Rom�niaCorresponding author: Ioana Costescu, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: The paper presents the main diffused pollution sources from the Hydrographic Basin of the River Bega, and the way it affects the quality of waters and soils. It is also described the territorial spread of the pollutants. Key words: diffused pollution sources, fertilizers, pesticides, water quality, and soil quality.
PELLIC VERTISOLS AND VERTISOLS IN TIMIŞ COUNTY
R. BERTICI*, Gh. ROGOBETE**, D. BEUTURĂ*, Adia GROZAV**
*OSPA, Timişoara, Romania**Politehnica University of Timişoara, Romania Corresponding author: Adia GROZAV, e-mail [email protected]
Abstract: In accordance with the new Romanian Taxonomy Soil System, there are two types of soil in the soil class Pellisol: Pellosol and Vertosol. Both of them are deep clayey soils (>45% and >30% clay) but in the Vertosol dominated clay minerals such as smectites, that expand upon wetting and shrink upon drying. Deep wide craks form when the soil dries out and swelling in the wet season, but in the Vertosol these phenomena are generalized and the slichensides have 10-600 inclination. The correlation with WRB-SR and USDA-ST is very difficult and also is the separation in the soil survey between Pellic Vertisils and Vertosols in Timiş County.
Key words: pellic, vertic, clay, shrinkage, swelling
tolerance to cadmium and Phytochelatins synthesis in Agrostis tenuis
Carmen CIMPEANU, Irina GREBENIŞAN
Agricultural and Veterinary University, Bucureşti, Rom�niaCorresponding author: Carmen CIMPEANU, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: The paper has as aim the cellular and biochemical identification of some proteins (phytochelatins and iso-phytochelatins) able to bind the cadmium ions. For this, cell suspensions of root callus proceeded from an Agrostis tenuis ecotype (harvested from a metalliferous area, polluted with heavy) were obtained. The cell suspensions were treated with different cadmium concentrations. One can ascertain that the Agrostis ecotype, from polluted area, has the ability to synthesize phytochelatins and, it manifests an increased tolerance to cadmium ions (solution concentrations of 100 μM). One can conclude that phytochelatins synthesis has an important role into plant tolerance to cadmium.
Key words: cadmium tolerance, suspension-cultured cells, phytochelatins, Agrostis tenuis
THE USING OF THE COMPOSTS IN THE ECOLOGICAL BUILD-UP OF THE STERILE DUMPS FROM HUSNICIOARA QUARRY R. MOCANU, Ana Maria DODOCIOIU, N. OSICEANU
University of CraiovaCorresponding author: Romulus Mocanu, e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract: The psamic entiatrosoil from the Husnicioara quarry, District Mehedinti that resulted from the surface extraction of the lignite has unfavourable physical and chemical features: sandy � loamy texture, light alkaline reaction, low humus content, 0.2 � 0.4 %, low supplied with phosphorus (4.5 � 29.1 ppm) low and moderate supplied with soluble potash (36.5 � 61.4 ppm), being grouped in the fifth class of favourability. This is the reason why the main goal of increasing its fertility degree is to enlarge the organic matter content.
Key words: compost, fertilizers, yield, sterile dumps
THE USING OF SEVERAL CROPS AND OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE THE ECOLOGICAL REHABILITATION OF THE STERILE DUMP FROM HUSNICIOARA � MEHEDINTI R. MOCANU, Ana Maria DODOCIOIU, N. OSICEANU, M. SUSINSKI
University of CraiovaCorresponding author: Romulus Mocanu,e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract: On the sterile dumps, that is psamic entiantrosoils and have unfavourable physico-chemical features for plants there have been experimented the culture of several crops with certain fertilizer and manure doses. The wheat crop does not succeed on the sterile dumps even fertilized. The corn crop can be cropped only with chemical, organic or organomineral fertilizers. The sunflower crop can be cropped with organomineral fertilizers. The peanuts and soybean can easily succeed even with moderated fertilizer doses. Key words: sun-flower, fertilizers, yield,
THE NITRATES ACCUMULATION IN SOME VEGETABLES SPECIES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF SEVERAL FERTILIZERS DOSES
Ana Maria DODOCIOIU, Elena ROŞCULETE, R. MOCANU
University of Craiova, Romania Corresponding author: Ana Maria Dodocioiu, e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract: After the trials made on the nitrates accumulation with the tomatoes, lettuce, cabbage and potatoes as influenced of different fertiliser doses has resulted that with all fertilised variants there were recorded higher NO3 content than with unfertilised ones. The fertilisation with N300P100K100 has conducted to a higher nitrate content both with the lettuce crop (1.548 mg NO3/kg) and cabbage leaves (1.008 mg NO3/kg).
Key words: nitrates, nitrites, fertilisers, MAL
THE USING OF SOME TILLAGE VARIANTS IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE FUEL CONSUMPTION WITH THE SUNFLOWER CROP IN IRRIGATION CONDITIONS
Elena ROŞCULETE, Ana Maria DODOCIOIU, C. ROŞCULETE
University of Craiova, RomaniaCorresponding author: Elena Roşculete, e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract: The researches carried out in the Caracal Plain do confirm the presence of positive relation between the tillage, the sunflower yield and the energy consumption no matter the irrigation regime and climatically condition of the year. There have been made determinations on the fuel consumption (l/ha), the machinery productivity (ha/hour) to the tillage, the seed yield at 11% moisture, energy consumption (Mcal/kg of product). The results of fuel consumption with the three in average after measuring and timing within the researched period show differences between them.
Key words: tillage, irrigation, fertilizers, fuel consumption
THE CHARACTERISATION OF THE STERILE DUMP FROM THE HUSNICIOARA QUARRY � MEHEDINTI AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT M. SUSINSKI
University of Craiova, RomaniaCorresponding author: Mihai Susinski, e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract: The paper presents the pedological and agrochemical features of the sterile dump Husnicioara, District Mehedinti that has a surface of 190 ha. There are presented the polluting effects of the sterile dump Husnicioara on the environment.
Key words: sterile dump, quarry, land degradation, soil profile.
PERFORMANCES AND BOUNDS OF THE ENGINEERING WORKS FOR CONSERVING, CLOSING AND ECOLOGICALLY REHABILITATING THE DECANTATION PONDS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY IN THE CARAS-SEVERIN COUNTY
Irina MARINICA, I. BORZA
Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timisoara, Romania Corresponding author: Irina Marinica, e-mail [email protected] Abstract: Decantation ponds in the mining industry are high-risk water engineering structures. After ceasing the sedimentation operations, they are subject to a procedure of conservation, closure and ecological rehabilitation and the environmental factors are being monitored throughout the whole procedure. Herewith the situation of decantation ponds in the Caras-Severin County is presented, highlighting the issue of managing and monitoring them after shutdown, legally covered throughout 30 years.
Key words: decantation pond, conservation, shutdown, stability, erosion, consequences
STUDY OF THE ABUNDANCE INDEX OF PHYSCIA AIPOLIA AND XANTHORIA PARIETINA IN CORRELATION WITH THE CONCENTRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PB AND ZN
B. LIXANDRU*, Smaranda M�ŞU**, C. BOGATU**, G. TRANDAFIR*, Anca-Diana PRICOP*, C. ONICA*
* Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, Romania **ECOIND, Timişoara, Romania Corresponding author: Benoni LIXANDRU, e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract: In a period of 12 weeks, samples of white poplar bark (Populus alba), naturally covered with lichens of the Xanthoria parietina and Physcia aipolia species, and were polluted under lab conditions with different levels of Zn and Pb. The pollution was done through the watering and nourishing solutions and the level of the two pollutants varied between 20 � 240 mg Zn/L and 10-120 mg Pb/L. The reaction and adaptation mode of the two lichen species was assessed through the phytomass abundance study, evaluated according to the bark surface covering degree. The watering performed to pollute and nourish was done twice a week. Measuring the surface covering degree was done through planimetry at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks. Our results evidenced great sensitivity of the Physcia aipolia species to high pollution levels of Pb and ZN. The covering degree is reduced after 3 weeks to 60%, to 95% after 6 weeks, and at 9 weeks, this species completely disappeared. After an accommodation period of about 3-4 weeks, when the covered area remained the same, the covering degree of the surface by the Xanthoria parietina species increases by 10% at 6 weeks, reaching 15% at 12 weeks. These results lead to the idea that the careful study of the lichen abundance may offer in an easy way signal-news about the gaseous pollution level of the environment.
Key words: corticolous lichens, high levels of Pb and Zn, lichen abundance, monitoring
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Luiela-Magdalena CSORBA, Ramona LILE
University Aurel Vlaicu, Arad, Romania Corresponding author: Luiela Csorba, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: Nowadays, the environmental protection issue able to assure a sustainable future development is an acute one. Managers must invest in sustainable technologies which require also a modern set for financial instruments able to assure a high efficiency of the business and a high environmental protection.
Key words: sustainable development, environmental protection financial instruments, environmental adjusted net domestic product
GREEN ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Luiela-Magdalena CSORBA, Ramona LILE
University Aurel Vlaicu, Arad, Romania Corresponding author: Luiela Csorba, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: The sustainable economic development is able to assure a successful exploitation of the natural resources offered by the Earth, in a way which will help us keep our land alive and clean for the next generation. But, really, sustainability seems to be only a theory, which is different from practice, and, the idea of an ecological sustainable economy doesn�t mean to �send through mail� the environmental responsibility from the developed to the less developed countries.
Key words: human capital, ecological injustice, natural limit of sustainable exploitation, environmental responsibility
Water Quality of the Storage Lake Surduc in 2005 and the Demands of Ecological Restauration
Alina-Georgeta NEACŞU, I. BORZA, G.-G. ARSENE, Alina-Margareta ARSENE
Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, Rom�niaCorresponding author: Alina-Georgeta NEACSU, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: Lake Surduc is the most important storage lake of the Western Piedmonts, with a surface of 362 ha and water volume of 14110 mil. m3. This study presents the results of the chemical analysis for the parameters measured in 2005. Following the processing of the data obtained, it was qualitatively established that the water has a moderate quality. At the same time, we also suggest a few measures of ecological restoration for the studied area.
Key words: Surduc, chemical parameters, water quality, ecological restauration
IN VITRO DETERMINATION CONCERNING THE TOLERANCE OF HERBICIDES WITH PREEMERGENT APPLICATION FOR SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN BACTERIA
Claudia ONEŢ, Renata ŞUMĂLAN, Lucian GHINEA
Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, RomaniaCorresponding author: ONET Claudia, e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract. In this paper work, we present the results of our studies concerning the effects of the herbicides linuron, dimetenamid and treflan upon the symbiotic nitrogen bacteria applied in seeds. We have tested herbicide action for 4 concentrations: normal concentration � the normally recommended herbicide dose, double concentration (2x normal dose), triple concentration (3x normal dose), and half of the recommended dose (1/2x normal dose). The results achieved made evident that strains have different reaction to linuron and dimetenamid, and these reactions are not correlated with the concentration. We may explain this situation through the different strain capacity of tolerance under the action exerted by these herbicides.
Key word: tolerance, herbicides, Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium
POSSIBILITIES OF ECOLOGICAL REHABILITATION OF THE AREAS AFFECTED BY COPPER EXPLOITATION ACTIVITY FROM ROŞIA POIENI
M. CORCHEŞ*, I. BORZA*, Ioana CORCHEŞ**, Madălina IORDACHE*
* Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, Romania** National Administration �Apele Rom�ne�, Alba, Romania
Abstract: The scope of the study is the ecological rehabilitation of the areas affected by the cupriferous exploitation from Roşia Poieni, in present being in conservation. Although the exploitation and preparation activity of the cupriferous material is stopped, the waters pollution with heavy metals is continuous, because of waters resulted from the precipitations that lave the barren dumps and the decantation lakes. The second aspect is the importance of the reconstruction of vegetation from areas affected by the pollution and the reconstruction of fertile soil layer. There were used technical data from S.C. Cuprumin Abrud, as well as hydrological data and chemical analyses made by the National Administration of Romanian Waters � System of Water Management from Alba.
Key words: valley lake, inverse sound, decantation lake, barren (sterile) cloudiness, sterile hydromass, acidophil microbiota, bacterial leaching.
ON THE EFFECTS OF A WASTE PLATFORM ON SOIL POLLUTION NEAR THE CITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA (ROMANIA) H. CACOVEAN*, T. RUSU**, M. BUTA**
*O.S.PA.-Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania**Agricultural and Veterinary University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Corresponding author: H.CACOVEAN, e-mai: [email protected]
Abstract: In this paper we studied the influence of waste platform on soil properties of his vicinity. Export of NPS pollution from this area is receiving increasing attention due to concerns regarding excessive nutrient enrichment and eutrophication in streams. Each horizon of nine types of soils was analyzed for establishing the level of the pollution and to offer some solution of mitigation this kind of problems.
Key words:waste platform, soil pollution
PEDOLOGICAL FACTORS, COMPONENT OF ARAD COUNTY RURAL AREA
H. VLAD*, I. BORZA**, D.ŢĂRĂU**, D. DOLOGA*, A. ILIUŢĂ*, C. B�C*, Dorina FLOREA***.
*Pedological and Agrochemical Office Arad , **Agricultura land Veterinary University of the Banat, Timisoara, Romania, *** School nr 4 � I. Slavici � Arad Coressponding author:H. VLAD, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: Vegetation growing conditions (with hard impact on terrain production), together with environmental factors soil characteristics, represent a majour component with multiple manifestations due not only to its own proprieties but also to its depositing capacities for other environement factors influence. As agroecosystems element, the soil may favour productivity through a range of defined specific properties, such as: quantity, quality, equilibrium of nutritive elements, thermic and hydric regime, mineralogic composition, etc. These factors cognition present a considerable practical and theoretical importance. Approached issues refer to a 775.409 ha area of which 511.520 ha of agricultural terrains. The paper presents data referring to soil quality status in our considered area, as basic elements in ecological and technical functions definition of rural area pedological factors.
Key words: factor, composition element, area, agroecosystem, rural
QUALITY STATE OF SOILS FROM WEST OF ROMANIA AND MEASURES FOR THEIR FERTILITY RESTORATION
I. BORZA*, D. ŢĂRĂU *, F. SALA*, Irina ŢĂRĂU**, Mădălina IORDACHE*
*USAMVB Timişoara, **OSPA Timişoara Corresponding author:Iacob BORZA, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract The sustainable management of natural and anthropic resources represents a modern form of land management, which has the aim to maintain and increase the soil fertility and to permit on long term the obtaining of high quality food productions. In the paper are presented the main aspects about natural resources, with special reference to soil cover and its quality state, from the western part of Romania, having a surface by 2,3 millions ha, from which 17 millions ha are agricultural lands. There are succinctly but comprehensive presented aspects referring to the structure of edaphic cover, respectively some restrictive characteristics of their fertility: supplying state with nutrients (N, P, and K), reaction state etc. Finally, basing on obtained results there was presented some aspects referring to several measures necessary for restoration of soils fertility.
Key words: quality, edaphic, fertility, restoration, resources.
MORPHOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND HYDROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS: DEFINING ELEMENTS IN ESTABLISHMENT OF MEASURES FOR SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN TIMIŞ COUNTY
D. ŢĂRĂU *, I. BORZA*, Irina ŢĂRĂU**, Silvica ONCIA*, Mădălina IORDACHE*
*Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat Timişoara, Romania **OSPA, Timişoara, Romania Corresponding author: Dorin ŢĂRĂU, [email protected]
Abstract: Between the morphological, chemical, physical and hydrophysical characteristics of soils which directly influence the composition and life medium of phytocoenosis and which have a determinant role in establishment of measures for sustainable utilization of soils, used in present by the pedological school from our country, we mention: gleysation, stagnogleysation, reaction, humus reserve and the content of main nutrients (N, P, K), texture, porosity, low edaphic volume etc. Agricultural technological systems have major effects on the main characteristics of soil, as was observed within the researches made in the stationary experiments on long term or different physical models. The approached problematic is referring to 869.665 ha, 702.398 ha being represented by agricultural lands.
Key words: environment, ecology, limiting, land evolution, area, morphological, sustainability. Full version
HYDRO-IMPROVEMENT MEASUREMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS THAT CHANGED THE NATURAL ECOSYSTEM OF BANAT PLAINSilvica ONCIA, Laura ŞMULEAC, Anişoara IENCIU, A. BLENEŞI
Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, RomaniaCorresponding author: Silvica Oncia, e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract: The present abstract presents the measures through which Banat Plain became a living territory with a healthy life environment. By regulating and banking the water course, and also through works for preventing the humidity excess, the old swamps became fertile plains in our days.
Key words: regularisation, banking, humidity excess
CONVERSION AND DYNAMIC REBALANCING PERIOD OF SOIL FERTILITY FOR ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
F. SALA, Isidora RADULOV, A. OKROS, F. CRISTA, Adina BERBECEA, Alina LAŢO
Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, RomaniaCorresponding author: F. SALA, e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract: The goal of the studies and research was to test the contribution of organic fertilisers to the dynamic rebalancing process of soil fertility for the conversion to an ecological agriculture system. In order to achieve our goals, we set field trials within which we tested the impact of an organic fertiliser at different rates (manure: 40, 60, and 80 t/ha) on the regime of soil nutrients and on the rebalancing of soil fertility. There is a lot of research going on in the field, but there are no concrete climate and soil conditions to do it; therefore we need to approach this direction too in the Timisoara area. Research results are favourable and they are readily applicable for a proper conversion to ecological agricultural systems.
Key words: soil fertility, organic fertilisers, ecological agriculture systems, conversion period, soil fertility dynamics
ON THE USE OF RESIDUAL CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN SOIL TREATMENT AND PLANT FERTILISATION
Hortensia RĂDULESCU*, Lidia TAUBERT**, N. BĂGHINĂ*
*Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, Rom�nia**Chemistry Institute of Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania Corresponding author:Hortensia RĂDULESCU, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The industrial process of producing magnesium carbonate and oxide from dolomites by carbon dioxide leaching generates calcium carbonate as waste. Besides calcium carbonate, this precipitate contains magnesium carbonate, which can be useful in agriculture as a soil amendment and fertilizer for low fertile acid soils. The paper shows the effects of soil treatment with four different doses of industrial waste concerning the soil reaction and calcium - magnesium content, simultaneously with the growth process of green oat plants and their calcium - magnesium uptake. The obtained results indicate that soil reaction turns from acid to neutral, while the established increase for calcium soil content reached 51% and 260% for magnesium content, both generated by the highest experimented waste dose. For green oat plants, the results showed an increase by 117% for calcium uptake and 72% for magnesium uptake. The influence determined on the growth reveals a beneficial effect on germination and number of risen plants, a taller size of plants as well as a decrease of dry matter content at harvest time.
Key words: waste doses, soil reaction, calcium - magnesium content, plant growth
PROCESSING OF ORTO-FOTO IMAGES FOR READ OUT DATA NECESSARY IN AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY
C. POPESCU, A. ŞMULEAC, Livia B�RLIBA Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară a Banatului Timişoara Coressponding author:C. POPESCU, e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract.With preliminary processing aims at modifying the grey level of the pixels in order to obtain an adequate digital image for further processing. The characteristics of the processed image depend on the specific of the application and the destination. In order to improve the photo interpretation process � the accurate determination of the landmarks and cartographic details � a set of methods are applied to reveal the phenomens and objects of interest. The most frequent methods for improving image quality are: contrast improving, image filters, false coloured images, compound colour images and the analysis of the basic components.
Key words: Remote sensing, processing, spatial filter, classification
USING SATELLITE IMAGES TO INVENTORY LAND USE CATEGORIES
C. POPESCU, Valeria CIOLAC, A. ŞMULEAC, F. SALA
Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, Romania Coressponding author:C. POPESCU, e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract: Two short definitions of Remote Sensing might be presented as follows: �To study or measure an object without being in physical contact with it� or �feeling without touching�. As defined above, the term generally implies that the sensor is placed at some considerable distance from the sensed target, in contrast to close-in measurements made by "proximate sensing." sometimes given as "in situ" sensing. Remote sensing means aerial photography too. Aerial platforms are primarily stable wing aircraft. Aircraft are often used to collect very detailed images and facilitate the collection of data over virtually any portion of the Earth's surface at any time. The scale and quality of the data collected is affected by several factors including, but not limited to, altitude of the aircraft, position of the plane, and the quality of the photographic equipment used.
Key words: Remote sensing, sensor, reflectance, resolution.
STUDY REGARDING URBAN NOISE DURING THE DAY IN TIMISOARA
Adina HORABLAGA, E. PUTNOKY
Environmental Protection Agency Timis, Romania Coressponding author: Adina HORABLAGA, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract Noise affects population from physical and psychical point of view. If the 40 dB level noise provokes sleeping disorders , a 55 dB level noise creates significant disturbance. At greater levels of 65 dB, noise affects seriously human health, acting in the first place on cardiovascular system and could get to (or aggravate) affections as hypertension, ischemia and others. At levels over 80 dB noise produces progressive and cumulative deterioration of hearing even if is for short time exposure, like minutes. These aspects are underlining impact exposure adjustment importance at noise on population and establishing clear limits for level noise. In general the 50 dB value is considered as being the most adequate maximum limit admitted during day time for equivalently exterior buildings noise level, in urban environment. In this paper we try to emphasize the significant impact of road traffic in the urban noise generation and the fact that urban noise is the only environmental factor that degrades its quality with the passing of time..
Key words: noise, dB, level noise, people, traffic
NOTIFICATIONS REGARDING THE NOISE IN TIMISOARA CITY
Adina HORABLAGA, E. PUTNOKY
Environmental Protection Agency Timis, Romania Coressponding author: Adina HORABLAGA, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract From the total number of registered notifications at LEPA, the percentage of 35% is concerning the noise level. Noise notifications distribution, after the claimed activity is the following one: 35% is referring to the firms activity which are near residential areas, 44% at the music played inside the bars, restaurants, terraces, clubs and discos, 3% road traffic, 1% construction activities and 17% diverse (auto alarms, neighbours, different installations, animals, etc.).
Key word : noise, dB, level noise, Timisoara, notification, people, traffic
CLIMATE CHARACTERIZATION DURING 2005 - 2006
V. D. MIRCOV*, Jelena MARINKOVICI**, St. TYR***
*Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Faculty of Agriculture, Timişoara, Rom�nia **Institute of Novi Sad, Serbia ***Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Slovakia Coressponding author: V. MIRCOV, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: Characterising climate supposes analysing the evolution in space and time of the different climate parameters during the years 2005 and 2006 at meteorological stations in the Banat area. The varied relief, whose auditorium-like distribution opens to the south and west, allows the penetration of moister air masses from north-west or from south turning Banat�s climate into a moderate-continental climate with ocean and sub-Mediterranean influences.
Key words: thermal regime, rainfall regime, hail, storm, snow storm, ice deposit, fog.
RISK ASPECTS DURING THE PERIOD 2003-2005 IN WESTERN ROMANIA
V. D. MIRCOV
Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Faculty of Agriculture, Timişoara, Rom�nia Correspondence author: Vlad MIRCOV; E- mail: [email protected] Coressponding author: V. MIRCOV, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: Characterising climate supposes analysing the evolution in space and time of the different climate parameters during the period 2003-2005 at meteorological stations in the Banat area. The varied relief, whose auditorium-like distribution opens to the south and west, allows the penetration of moister air masses from north-west or from south turning Banat�s climate into a moderate-continental climate with ocean and sub-Mediterranean influences.
Key words: thermal regime, rainfall regime, hail, storm, snowstorm, ice deposit.
STUDIES CONCERNING THE BRINGING THE LAW No 1/2000 CONCERNING FOREST CADASTRE INTO OPERATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FOREST PLANNING IN BRESTOVĂŢ (TIMIS COUNTY)
C. B�RLIBA, C. POPESCU, Luminiţa Livia B�RLIBA, Stela HAMZA
Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, Rom�niaCorresponding author: Costel BARLIBA, e-mail: barlibacostel@ yahoo.com Abstract. The paper is written on the basis of the present legislation; it was made for the tabulation and dismembering of a forest plot. The forest cadastre is concerned with the inventory of all the areas with forest vegetation. Its aim is that of rational forest exploitation, new forest development and also revising the forest planning which exist on each administrative division. The measurements and data processing were made with the help of computers.
Key words: Trimble 3305 DR total station, forest planning, cadastral work
CONTRIBUTION CONCERNING THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUBURBS OF TIMISOARA (TIMIS COUNTY) WITH A VIEW TO EUROPEAN UNION INTEGRATION
C. B�RLIBA*, G. ELEŞ**, Luminiţa Livia B�RLIBA*, Stela HAMZA*
*Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, Rom�nia**Universitatea �Politehnica�, Timişoara, Rom�nia Corresponding author: Costel BARLIBA, e-mail: barlibacostel@ yahoo.com Abstract. The paper presents the topographic measurements for the tabulation of a 16 ha pasture outside Giarmata, Timis County. The measurements were made for definitively removing the plot from the agricultural circuit and giving it another destination in the field of road construction, and also for planning a future recreation base there. The work was done with the help of modern devices (Leica TCR 705), and the data processing was performed with the local projection system, with stereographic projection type 1970.
Key words: cadastral work, agricultural circuit, plot dismembering, Leica TCR 705 total station
HUMIDITY CONDITIONS IN THE BANAT�S PLAIN IN THE PERIOD 2003 � 2006
Abstract: In the present paper are showed the humidity conditions in three locations from Banat Field: S�nnicolau Mare, Timişoara and Banloc. The agricultural year 2003-2004 is characterization as temperate dry in all locations, unlike 2004-2005 year that is wet to temperate wet. The agricultural year 2005-2006 is feting in normal limits, being a temperate dry year with an arid vegetative period.
Key words: evapotranspiration, rainfall, humidity conditions, climatic indicators
THE ANALYSIS OF MULTIANNUAL VARIATION OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION RELATED TO THE DESERTIFICATION RISK IN THE BANAT�S PLAIN Veronica POPA, I. BORZA
Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, Rom�nia Corresponding author: Veronica POPA, e-mail: vera.popa@gmail.com
Abstract: The desertification risk is a real phenomenon in Romania and it is closely related to climate evolution. The study of multiannual variation of temperature and of precipitation, as well as its tendency emphasises the sinusoid oscillation translating the characteristic cyclicity on the basis of an increase of the first parameter and of a decrease of the second one.
Key words: gliding average, temperature and precipitation variation and tendency, desertification risk
ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF VALORISING FALLOWS IN THE FĂGET � MARGINA � COŞAVA AREA (TIMIS COUNTY, ROMANIA)
D.-S. BISTREAN*, I. BORZA**, G.-G. ARSENE**
*School of Margina, Timis County, Romania **Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timisoara, Romania Corresponding author: Daniel-Simion BISTREAN, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. In this paper, we approach an issue of importance in ecological reconstruction related to the dynamics of plant species on fallows in the Faget � Margina � Cosava area (Timis County). The area under study covers 400 km2 if we take into account all the fallows aged 1-7 after grain or tillage crops. In the study of the flora, we used the two steps � field and lab � and phyto-coenologic research in the area are based on the principles of the Central-European floristic school with broad application in the study of the vegetal cover in Europe and applied for the first time in Romania by Borza (1984). As a result of the study on the sampling areas we managed to inventory the superior plant species on the fallows and the characteristics of the flora and vegetation (number of families, number of species, height of the vegetal cover, stratification, and mosaic-like configuration), and phyto-geographical, biological, ecological, and economic indices. In this paper we also refer to the evolving trends of the phyto-coenoses, the changes it undergoes, its dynamics, and man-made activities
Key words: valorising fallows, specific biodiversity, ecological restoration, flora and vegetation.
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